Review of Related Studies

the story of The Phantom of the Opera is one of presentations of the uniqueness of the character. Rohrberger and Woods stated that characterization is the process by which an author creates a character. Not only the physical appearance that the reader can imagine the character, but also through his or her behavior and thought 1971: 20. While Barnet and Bruto have opinion that characterization is defined by what the characters do, by what they say, by what others say about them and by the setting in which they move 1988:746. Based on these opinions above, can be concluded that characterization is the way of the author presents the character. M.J. Murphy in his Understanding Unseen 1972:161-173 mentions nine ways on how an author may describe the character‘s personalities and traits to the reader. a. Personal Description The author can describe a person‘s appearance and clothing. He can describe clearly, what the characters are like and tell the reader the details of the character‘s appearance: the face, skin, eyes, and clothing. b. Characters as seen by others The author describes the character‘s appearance or personality by letting other characters in the story tell what they see about this character. c. Speech The author can give the readers an insight into the character of one of the person in the story through what the person says. Whenever the person 11 speaks, whenever he puts forward an opinion, he is giving the readers some clues to his characters. d. Past Life The author helps the readers to understand a character‘s personality by learning about the past experiences or important moments that influenced the character‘s personality. e. Conversation of Others The author can also give the readers clues about a person‘s character through the conversation, either by other people or by the things, they say about him. f. Reactions The author gives the clues by letting the readers know who the characters in the story react to various situations. Using this kind of characterization, the readers may expect to find the quality of the characters in dealing with those various situations. g. Direct comment Usually the author gives his comment and opinion explicitly towards his character in the story. h. Thoughts The author can describe a person‘s mannerisms or habits both positive and negative one, which may also tell the readers something about his character. 12 i. Mannerism The readers can understand the character‘s personality based on his behavior and his habit either the good or the bad ones. From the description of his behavior and his habit, the readers can conclude the ch aracter‘s personality.

2. Theory of Love

Love is very important in our life. Most of the literary works will be more interesting because of the love story. As Rollo May said that ―the striking things about love and will is that, whereas in the past they were always held up to us as the answer to life‘s predicaments. It is always true that love and will become more difficult in a transitional age. The old myths and symbols by which we oriented ourselves are gone, anxiety is rampant; the people will cling to each other, they do not will because they are afraid that if they choose one thing or one person they will lose the other ‖ May, 1974: 13. People who falling in love with a special person feels something different in his or her life. He or she feels that ― a new colour‖ comes into his or her life. It may occur because he or she has found out a special person who is able to fulfill his or her needs of love. Love is a special type of relationship with another person. It is characterized by a feeling of warm affection and desire for attachment. It can be including caring with family, friendship, idealistic love, and romantic love Powell, 1983: 194. In the book of The Art of Loving 1963:18, Fromm remarked that ― love is the active concern for the life and the growth of that which 13