Theory of Personality Development

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

The object of this study is one of the Gaston Leroux‘s novels entitled Phantom of the Opera, which was published in October, 1910. Initially, the story sold very poorly upon publication in a book form and was even out of print several times during the twentieth century. It is overshadowed by the success of its various film and stage adaptations. It was first published as a serialization in Le Gaulois from September 23, 1909 to January 8, 1910. The most notable of these were the 1925 film depiction and in the 1976 Ken Hill‘s musical at the Theatre Royal Stratford East Leroux, 2010: 2. The novel of the Phantom of the Opera represents the cultural attempt of the nascent bourgeois class up homogenize and regulate anything that could disturb the security and balance of the world. Leroux narrates the young protagonist of Chritine Daeé‘s descent underground in a near trance-like state-accompanied by Phantom- he is in fact describing an adolescent‘s astonishment and uneasiness about descending into her own unconscious and down the unknown river of her most distant, repressed desires Pellegrini, 2010: 15. The novel Phantom of the Opera is the tragedy triangle love story. Gaston Leroux‘s novel, The Phantom of the Opera contents of 271 pages. This novel is about a girl named Christine Daeé, a ballet dancer at the Paris Opera House. She is the student in music class of a man who most call the Opera Ghost but who she calls the Angel of Music, also his real name is Eric, and he lives in the lake below the Opera House. He is teaching Christine how to sing and be a primadona in Opera house. In the middle of the story, there is other man, Raoul who is romantically interested in her, actually both Raoul and Christine already had relationship when they were young, but Eric will not allow their love and their relationship. Instead of letting them go off together, Eric forced Christine to be with him. After unmasking him and revealing horrible deformities on his face, Christine runs away and she backs to Raoul. Now, she is the enemy of the Phantom. She must run from him at all time when she is in the Opera House. This condition also makes Raoul in danger, because Eric threaten them. So, Christine must face the Phantom and pretend to love him to save Raoul.

B. Approach of the Study

Since this study discusses about one‘s personality, the psychological approach is needed as the suitable approach to analyze the character‘s personality in the story. Psychological approach deals with a work of literature primarily as an expression, in fictional form, of the state of mind and the structure of personality of the individual author Abrams, 1993: 263. The approach of this study is the psychological approach. Elementary assumption of psychological approach is influenced by several things Endraswara, 2003: 96. First, there is assumption that literary work is a product from the psychological and author‘s mind which are played by the unconscious and the conscious condition. Conscious and unconsciou s always attend in author‘s 22 imagination. The processes of author ‘s works are legitimate object of the Psychologist ‘ investigate curiosity. Second, study of psychology of literature can be used to observe psychological of the characterization also explores the author‘s mind and feeling in the creative process Endraswara, 2003: 98. The work of literature as psychological phenomenon will present the psychological aspects through the characters in the novel. At first there was hesitancy that psychological aspects could be present in literary text. It ever stated by Derrida in Endraswara 2003: 97 ―what a text is, and when the psyche must be if it can be represented by a text?‖ Although the aspects are abstract but the researcher should be able to pay close attention those accurate. It is difficult to avoid that comprehension of literary text needs psychology because literary work includes psychological aspects of human being. This approach uses some steps that must be done by the writer who uses psychological approach of literature Endraswara, 2003: 104. Firstly, this approach emphasize on intrinsic elements of play such as character and characterization. Secondly the writer needs to study about the theme of the play. It will give a point to the writer to analyze focus not just on one character but all characters which are appearing in the play. Thirdly, analysing of the character in a play must be piloted with plot. It will bring this analyze still on the structure of the play in order to keep analyzing not framed only on utilizable of psychological theory. That is why the psychological approach is used in analyzing this study to help the writer studies the psychological aspect of the personality of main characters 23