Background of the Study

D. Definition on Terms

To understand the content of the analysis, there are some terms to be defined. 1. Character Character is the person presented in dramatic or narrative work, that is interpreted by reader as given moral and qualities that are expresses in what they say and they do. As it is stated by Abram in his Glossary of Literary Terms 1981:14 : ―Character is literature genre: a short usually witty, sketch in prose of a descriptive type of person characters are the persons presented in dramatic or narrative work, who are by reader as being endowed with moral and disposition qualities that are expressed in what they say the dialogue by what they do in action‖

2. Love

Love is defined as the attraction, desire, or a strong feeling of deep affection for something. Elizabeth Hall 1983:604 states that the emotions that accompany love are complex and far from being clearly understood. They involve sexual excitement, dependency, needs, joy, anxiety, jealously, sometimes a desire for control and many others felling. Love also be defined as a powerful feeling one has for person, animals or things that has satisfied, is satisfying or will satisfy our deepest desire and needs Hauck, 1983: 16. In the book of Sex and Love Relationship stated that love relationship is the actions that fit the description of loving relationship are expression of affection, both physical and emotional; a wis to offer pleasure and satisfaction to one‘s 5 mate; tenderness, compassion, and sensitivity to the needs of the offer; a desire for shared activities and pursuits; an ongoing, honest exchange of personal feelings the process of offering concern, comfort, and outward assistance for the love object‘s aspirations Firestone, 2006:31.

3. Personality Development

Personality development is defined as the personality pattern that can change in some areas and remain persistent in other as well. Furthermore, the change itself is not synonymous with improvement but can be either for the better or worse Hurlock, 1974: 108. Meanwhile, Kalish 1973: 51-52 described personality as the dynamic organization characteristics attributes leading to behavior and distinguishing one individual from other individual. It refers to the total individual and includes ―needs, motives, needs of adjusting, temperament qualities, self-concept, role behaviors, attitudes, values, and abilities. Personality can change because of the environment which affects the way a person feel and what a person do; it influences person ‘s mood, emotion, attention, and ability to process information. 6 7

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW

A. Review of Related Studies

In this paper, there are some reviews about The Phantom of the Opera. This story represents the idea of love between a young beautiful girl and two men. The Phantom of the Opera is a story which combines romance, horror fiction, mystery, tragedy, comedy, and adventure. The first reviews are on the stage and screen adaptations of the novel are probably the 1925 silent film version starring by Lon Chaney, the 1962 film version made by Harmer Film Productions and the 1986 Andrew Lloyd Webber musical. The musical was adapted into a 2004 film, directed by Joel Schumacher Pellegrini, 2010: 91. There are also some articles discussed about The Phantom of the Opera that the writer read. One of them is the article from Allen Kromer‘s essay. Kromer told many things about The Phantom of the Opera . The writer realized that Kromer‘s essay is really helpful for this literary thesis. In his essay, Kromer said that The Phantom of the Opera is considered a forerunner of much of what makes adolescent popular culture moment. Its seemingly-s upernatural elements rival those found in horror films that today‘s teen flock to see; the tragic love triangle that comprises such a vital part of the novel seems a blueprint for the heartache depicted in the episodes and events whirl by like clips from music videos Kromer, 2011:3. Allen Kromer in his book A Teacher’s Guide to the Signet Classics Edition of Gaston Leroux’s The Phantom of the Opera analyzed the characters of the novel. He stated that Leroux‘s novel contains elements that interest many adolescents. However, as many literature teachers know, getting some readers to recognize that a text has appealing elements is a labor unto itself. Fortunately, the complexity and fertility of Leroux‘s story make accessible many of the elements that should resonate with teens. The struggles and triumphs that occur within a love triangle are easily grasped. The class disc ussions and activities in Kromers‘ book reflect some of the powerful themes and characters Leroux creates and recognize that an entertaining story can convey profound ideas Kromer, 2011:3. Allen Kromer also mentioned that The Phantom of the Opera is ―a novel which is well- suited for today‘s students: the creative kids whose passions lie in self-expression, the shy youths who yearn for the affection of a peer, the thrill- seekers who populate the theaters that screen horror films. ‖ He completed this guide book by completed this novel activities that are full of historical and cultural underpinnings of Leroux‘s novel, the literary techniques he employs in his narrative, and some of the thematic content that empowers his tale. This content helps student‘s focus on specific elements and events in the text Kromer, 2011:3. The writer considers that the reviews are very helpful. In this thesis, the writer will discuss the main characters Eric, Christine Daeé and Raoul who have personality development in the story because of the influences of their feeling of love. 8