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56 This research only applies data triangulation. Source of data triangulation
of this research is that the data are collected from the same website with different artists. In this research, the data are collected from 8 different texts of gossip news
written by Perez Hilton.
F. Data Analysis
James P. Spradley 1980 explains that „content analysis‟ is organized in
four ways: domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and finding cultural values.
The data in this research, as what Spradely explains, which have been collected are analyzed as the following ways:
1. Domain analysis: the data are separated from other that does not belong to the
data collecting the appraising items. 2.
Taxonomic analysis: it is applied to see the attitude: affect, judgment, and appreciation including the types of the items; and the source: monogloss and
heterogloss. a.
Affect - Positive or negative
- Disinclination, unhappiness, insecurity or dissatisfaction b.
Judgment -
Positive or negative -
Normality, capacity, tenacity, veracity or propriety. c.
Appreciation
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56 -
Positive or negative -
Reaction impact or quality, composition balance or complexity, or valuation.
d. Type of the items -
Minor clause -
Word: grammatical item, lexical item, modal adjunct, or metaphor. -
Nominal group: epithet, adjective phrase, or metaphor. -
Clause: mental process, mental behavior process, relational process, or modality clause.
3. Componential analysis: to find the function of the classifications: the
graduation: force and focus; the genre and the prosody of the texts. a. Force
- Infusion, isolating or repetition.
- Up-scaled or down-scaled
- Intensification or quantification
- Metaphor, swearing, attitudinal lexis, or intensifier.
b. Focus -
Up-scaled or down-scaled -
Sharpen or soften c. Genre
- Kind of genre - Generic structure
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56 - Social function
d. Prosody - more objective or more subjective
4. Finding cultural values: to discover the cultural values of appraising items of
the gossip news texts or to find the reason why Perez Hilton applies some certain evaluations including the ideology of the texts.
G. Procedure of Data Analysis
The data are analyzed through some steps below, according to Spradley 1980:
1. The data are collected from the sources: gossip news texts written by Perez Hilton from his website perezhilton.com. Those data are taken from 8 different
texts of four different artists. They are Katy Perry and Leona Lewis whom the writer adores; and Miley Cyrus and Chris Brown whom he does not really
like, adores and dislikes are based on the appraising items that he used when evaluating those artists. In this step, it is applied the domain analysis by
separating the data that belongs to the appraising item and do not. These are the examples:
a. You just have to see how the Lord‟s will is done
Table 3.1 Example of appraisal analysis Text 1 Katy Perry, clause no. 5
Appraising item
attitude source
graduation Affect
Judg. Appr. Mono-
gloss Hetero-
gloss force
focus
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You just have to see
how the Lord‟s will is done
- + prop
- -
v Isolating
– intensification:
process –
up-scaled –
intensifier -
b. We all have past.
Text 1 - Katy Perry, clause no. 9 This is excluded from the data because although the word is also the same
have , but have here does not show an attitude but only shows an experiential
meaning or reality meaning.
2. After identifying the data domain analysis, the data are then classified into
certain attitudes, their sources and their types taxonomic analysis. For example:
a.
The lovely Leona Lewis was attacked by X Factor reject Peter Kowalczyk.
Text 4 - Leona Lewis, clause no. 4
Lovely
Attitude: judgement, positive: normality Source: Monogloss
Type: word: lexical item b.
Glad to see her parents approve
Text 1 - Katy Perry, clause no. 20
Glad
Attitude: affect, positive: affection Source: Monogloss
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56 Type: word: lexical item
3. The data are put into a table according to the attitude, source, and type to
observe the variations of evaluation and the frequency of the function of certain comparable attitude in the texts.
Example 1: The lovely Leona Lewis was attacked by X Factor reject Peter
Kowalczyk. Table 3.2 Example of engagement and attitude analysis
Appraising Items Engagement
Affect Judg.
Apprc. Appraised Type
The lovely Leona Lewis was attacked by X Factor reject
Peter Kowalczyk. Monogloss
- + norm
- Leona
Lewis Word:
lexical item
Example 2: Glad to see her parents approve
Table 3.3 Example of engagement and attitudes analysis
Appraising Items Engagement
Affect Judg. Apprc.
Appraised Type
Glad to see her
parents approve
Monogloss +affection
- -
Seeing parent‟s approval
Word: lexical item
4. The componential analysis and finding cultural values are then applied to find the relation between the classifications and to find the reason behind the
evaluations. Here, the analysis is through discovering the graduation, the genre, prosody, and ideology of the text.
For example: The graduation of the attitudes is mostly up-scaled. The form is mostly force:
intensification: isolating: intensifier.
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56 The genre of the texts that are written by Perez Hilton is analytical exposition.
This is shown by the generic structure of the texts. Then, the prosody is more subjective due to the attitudes applied in the entire parts of the texts. In
addition, based on the texts, although Perez Hilton took some projecting clauses, or can be called as heterogloss, from other resources, but he always
put his own reiteration or his own conclusion at the end of the text. Therefore, this makes the voice or prosody of the texts is more subjective.
Finally, the ideologies of the texts are right antagonist for texts exposing Katy Perry and Leona Lewis, and left antagonist for texts about Miley Cyrus and
Chris Brown. This is because, Perez Hilton tends to support Katy Perry and Leona Lewis, and in other hand, he challenges Miley Cyrus and Chris Brown.
He mostly puts positive evaluations to the artists he adores with. In the other hand, he also puts many negative appraisals to artists he does not like. So, the
ideology of the texts are different, depends on the artist.
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CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
