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The types of appreciation can be classified through a table below.
Table 2.3 Types of Appreciation
Types of appreciation Examples
Positive Negative
reaction
impact Arresting, captivating
Dull, boring quality
Lovely, beautiful Plain, ugly
composition
balance Balanced, harmonious Unbalanced, discordant
complexity Simple, elegant
Ornamental, puzzling
valuation
Significant, deep Insignificant, shallow
The attitude is expressed through some forms. They are adapted from Santosa, 2003; Martin Rose, 2003:
a. Minor clause: a clause which does not have predicator.
E.g. OK. Disgusting.
b. Word: a unit of language with meaning.
1. Grammatical item intensifier: the meaning depends on the „content words‟ that preceding or following it.
E.g. severalallsome questions 2. Lexical item attitudinal lexis: a lexis that contains attitude.
E.g. vivacious man 3. Modal adjunct: an adjunct or adverb that contains modality.
E.g. probably, possibly
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4. Metaphor: a word that have connotation meaning. E.g. Beat-Her-Down, means that someone who beats her down
c. Nominal group: a group of words which have a meaning.
1. Epithet: pre-modifier which describes in terms of physical and psychological condition.
E.g. beautiful lady, one-eyed man 2. Adjective phrase: post modifier which adds information about thing.
E.g. a topic interesting to read a song easy to sing
3. Metaphor: a group of words that contains connotation meaning. E.g. dirt poor
d. Clause: a language unit that consists of a group of words which contains
predicator. 1. Mental process: process of sensing such as perception, cognition, and
affection. E.g. I feel so nervous.
It smells good. 2. Mental behavior process: the combination of material and mental process.
E.g. She looks at you. 3. Relational process: a process of giving attributive attributive relational
process or giving value to an entity identifying relational process. E.g. I feel hungry. Attributive relational process
This reflects the crisis. Identifying relational process
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4. Modality clause: a clause that contains modality. E.g. You should go.
They must have been hungry.
b. SOURCE ENGAGEMENT
Source or engagement is from whom the evaluations come from. There are two kinds of attitudes sources. They are heterogloss the source of an attitude is other
that the writer and monogloss the source is simply the author. Martin Rose, 2003: 44
David Hope and Jonathon Read, 2006, explain that engagement is appraisals of appraisals; engagement considers how writers transmit their point of view and how
they position themselves with respect to the position of others. White 2001 declares that engagement encompasses an arrangement of
resources: Projection and related structures of attributionreported speech; his alleged ...,
informed sources report ..., scientists have found evidence suggesting that …
Modal verbs; perhaps, it may..., I think..., surely Reality phase verbal group elaboration;
it seems… Negation;
you don’t need to… Conjunctionsconnectives of expectation and counter-expectation; predictably, of
course , amazingly, although
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Engagement is divided into some systems: David Hope and Jonathon Read,
2006; Martin White, 2005 1.
Contract a.
Disclaim: “the textual voice positions itself as at odds with, or rejecting, some contrary position. Two kinds of disclaim are deny negation and counter
concessioncounter expectation ”
b. Proclaim: “by representing the proposition as highly warrantable, the textual
voice sets itself against, suppresses or rules out alternative positions. ” There
are three types of proclaim; concur, pronounce, endorse. 2.
Expand a.
Entertain: “by explicitly presenting the proposition as grounded in its own contingent, individual subjectivity, the authorial voice represent the
proposition as but one of a range of possibility positions – it thereby entertains
or invokes these dialogic alternatives. ”
b. Attribute: “by representing proposition as grounded in the subjectivity of an
external voice, the textual voice represents the proposition as but one of a range of possible positions
– it thereby entertains or invokes these dialogic alternatives.
” Acknowledge and distance belongs to attribute.
c. GRADUATION AMPLIFICATION
