Access arrangements
1.3 Access arrangements
Access arrangements are pre-exam arrangements made on behalf of a candidate with particular needs to: • access the assessment
• show what they know and can do without changing the demands of the assessment. There are three groups of access arrangements, each with their own application form and deadlines. Cambridge Associates should agree earlier deadline dates with their Associate Centres. This will give them
time to process their applications and send them on to us.
Group 1: Non-delegated Group 2: Centre-
Group 3: Modiied
access arrangements.
delegated access
papers. Before you
You must apply for our
arrangements. You
apply, you must have
submitted a inal entry for our approval, to use these. supporting evidence, if you the relevant candidate,
permission, and wait for
must notify us, and keep
syllabus and component. Form
use these.
Access Arrangements:
Centre-Delegated Access
Modified Papers: Preparation
Preparation – Form 1
Arrangements: Preparation
– Form 3
– Form 4
June series application
deadline November series
application deadline Cambridge Primary May series: 21 January 2018 May series: 31 March 2018
May series: 21 January 2018 and Lower Secondary October series: 1 July 2018 October series: 31 August
October series: 1 July 2018 Checkpoint deadline
1.3.1 What are access arrangements?
Regulations
We recognise that although some candidates cope with the learning demands of a course and demonstrate
(a) The Head of Centre is responsible for making attainment in the skills being assessed, they still face
sure that their applications are based on irm barriers when it comes to the standard assessment.
evidence of the barrier to assessment, and that if approval is granted their centre follows
Such barriers may result from: the relevant regulations when using the
• a permanent or long-term disability, illness or arrangements. Failure to keep to the regulations learning dificulty
could be considered malpractice.
• a temporary disability or illness.
You must notify us and/or apply for access The purpose of an access arrangement is to remove
(b)
arrangements for each new exam series. We unnecessary barriers to the standard assessment,
cannot carry over approval from a previous without compromising the standards being tested,
series.
so that the candidate can be recognised for their attainment. For some subjects certain access
1.3.2 What types of access arrangements are
arrangements are not available. A candidate may require a particular type of access arrangement in one
available?
type of assessment but not in another. The arrangements available in each group are listed in the table shown on the next page. The section numbers show where you can ind full details of the regulations for each arrangement. There may be other arrangements that are not listed. If this is the case please contact us to discuss whether the arrangements are appropriate for the assessment concerned.
If you are an Associate Centre contact Cambridge International through your Cambridge Associate.
Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK) 1 Preparation 33
Group 1: Non-delegated access
Group 2: Centre-delegated
Group 3: Modiied papers arrangements
access arrangements
See section 1.3.7 See section 1.3.5
See section 1.3.6
Alternative venue (for example,
Braille contracted/uncontracted candidate’s home or hospital)
Background music
Section 1.3.6.1
Section 2.6 E-texts for literature exams
Coloured paper Section 1.3.5.2
Colour naming
Section 1.3.6.2
Extra time over 25 per cent
Enlarged font Section 1.3.5.3
Coloured overlays
A3 or A4 18 point bold Practical assistant
Section 1.3.6.3
Enlarged paper (unmodiied) Section 1.3.5.4
Extra time up to 25 per cent (not
A3
permitted in syllabuses where
time is the focus of the exam, for example, practical exams) Section 1.3.6.4
Simpliied carrier language Section 1.3.5.5
Reader including a computer reader
Live speakers
Section 1.3.6.5
Scribe
Tactile diagrams Section 1.3.5.6
Prompter
Section 1.3.6.6
Voice-activated software (for
Transcript of listening CDs example, JAWS, which acts as a
Reading aloud
Section 1.3.6.5 reader and/or scribe) Section 1.3.5.7
Section 1.3.6.7
Word processor with spell check
Reading pens
enabled
Section 1.3.5.5 (s)
Section 1.3.6.13 (h) Exemptions from speciic
Separate invigilation
components, for example speaking
Section 1.3.6.8
and listening tests Section 1.3.5.8
Simple translation dictionaries (if permitted by the syllabus) Section 1.3.6.9
Supervised rest breaks Section 1.3.6.10
Transcript of candidate’s work Section 1.3.6.11
Visual aids (for example, magnifying glasses) Section 1.3.6.12
Word processor, computer or electronic typewriter Section 1.3.6.13
34 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK)
1.3.3 The criteria for approving access
route is available within the syllabus and you can ask
arrangement applications
for our advice on how to approach the subject. When we approve access arrangement applications or
(d) Each Cambridge International qualiication has a set review evidence for the use of centre-delegated access
of assessment objectives. Please refer to the relevant arrangements, we are guided by two sets of criteria:
syllabus for details.
• General criteria: these are at a high level and apply (e) If there is no alternative because the impairment regardless of the type of assessment the candidate is
relates to a fundamental part of the assessment, the taking.
candidate may not be able to score enough marks • to justify entering for an exam. The candidate can
Assessment criteria: these are used when looking at still study the course without being assessed as long the speciic assessment for which the candidate is as they are fully aware that they will not be able to using access arrangements. meet the assessment objectives and therefore that
Details of all criteria, including criteria you must follow they will not get a result at the end of the course. when working with candidates who require access
(f) When working with candidates with known arrangements, are listed below. permanent disabilities or learning dificulties you
1.3.3.1 General criteria should make them aware of the range of subject options open to them. Identify subjects in which
(a) We assess all candidates according to the same they can cover the course and demonstrate marking criteria, so that their grades and certiicates attainment across the whole assessment. have the same validity and are a true relection of
each candidate’s attainment. The examples below show how our assessment objectives determine whether a candidate is allowed to
(b) Access arrangements must not give the candidate an
use access arrangements.
unfair advantage over others. (c) We will not allow access arrangements if they affect
Example 1
A candidate with severe cerebral palsy enjoys her (d) English not being the candidate’s irst language is
the competence standard being tested.
design and technology course but cannot use her not a valid reason for an application.
hands. She cannot design independently. As such abilities constitute a large proportion of the whole
(e) You must consider a candidate’s usual methods of qualiication, she decides not to enter for this learning and producing work when making decisions
particular subject. The assessment objectives are about whether to apply for access arrangements.
designing and making, so no adjustment can be (f) You must determine whether access arrangements
made.
are appropriate, and if so, which type is required in relation to the deined needs of individual
Example 2
candidates.
A candidate with severe dyslexia wants to take (g) You are responsible for any costs associated with
English language and foreign language exams but using access arrangements.
cannot read or write adequately. As the assessment
1.3.3.2 Assessment criteria objectives being tested in these subjects include reading and writing, he cannot have an adjustment
(a) Access arrangements must not compromise the in the form of a reader in the reading papers. A competence standards being assessed, and therefore computer reader, reading pen or additional time we do restrict them in certain syllabuses. may be available instead. It is not possible to use a
(b) If you have a candidate with a known permanent scribe in the written papers for foreign languages, disability or learning dificulty you must talk to us
unless the candidate is able to dictate the responses before they start any of our courses to make sure
letter by letter, including all punctuation. The centre appropriate access arrangements are available for
must decide whether or not to enter him for these the associated assessments.
subjects on the basis of how much he could complete independently.
(c) Some types of impairment affect the candidate’s ability to demonstrate one or more of the assessment objectives of the course. You must make candidates aware if they are choosing a course where they will not be able to gain credit in all parts of the assessment. In some cases, an alternative
Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK) 1 Preparation 35
Example 3
1.3.4.4 Learning disabilities
A candidate with learning disabilities could apply: in painting. Mouth or foot painting might be
A candidate with no hands wants to take art exams
• for an extra time allowance of up to 25 per cent acceptable, but the candidate cannot do either and
• to use a reader
wants another person to paint at her instruction. This
• to use a word processor
is not allowed as the assessment objective is the skill of painting.
• to use a prompter • to use a modiied paper.
1.3.5 Non-delegated access access needs
1.3.4 Guidance on meeting individual
arrangements
This section gives examples of access arrangements (a) The Head of Centre or exams oficer must apply that may be appropriate for candidates with particular
for our permission to use non-delegated access needs. It is a good place to start if you are thinking
arrangements.
about the type of access arrangements that might be appropriate for a particular candidate.
(b) You must send us evidence of the candidate’s need(s). This should be dated within three years
1.3.4.1 Physical disabilities of the exam and veriied by an appropriate Candidates with physical disabilities could apply:
professional, for example, a medical professional or a suitably qualiied specialist teacher.
• for an extra time allowance of 25 per cent • (c) The medical professional or a suitably qualiied for a supervised rest break
specialist teacher must have signed the evidence and • to use a scribe
included details of their relevant qualiications. • to use a word processor
(d) We may accept a report written by a teacher with no • to use a practical assistant.
formal special needs qualiications, providing they
1.3.4.2 Visual impairments can evidence at least ive years’ work experience in the area of special educational needs.
Candidates with visual impairments could apply: (e) The application and the supporting evidence must • for an extra time allowance of 25 per cent or more
be in English. Any translated evidence must be • for supervised rest breaks
signed by the original author, a legal representative, • to use a reader
or by the Head of Centre and one other member of • to use a scribe
staff.
• to use a word processor (f) Friends and relatives of the candidate should not • to use a practical assistant
supply any of the supporting evidence. Where this is • unavoidable a senior member of centre staff must
to use a modiied paper countersign and authorise the evidence. • to use colour naming. (g) The evidence must contain literacy assessments for
1.3.4.3 Communication difficulties the candidate. When using the Detailed Assessment In speaking tests you should give a candidate who can
of Speed of Handwriting to assess a candidate’s speak, but with dificulty, enough time to answer. No
writing speed you must only use the writing speed formal request for extra time is necessary.
subtest. Do not use the composite score derived from all the subtests. Please contact us for advice
Candidates with communication dificulties could apply: if you have any questions about assessing a • for separate invigilation
candidate’s writing speed.
• to use headphones in a listening exam, see section (h) The Head of Centre, exams oficer or Cambridge
5.7.2 Associate, in the case of Associate Centres, needs to • to use live speakers reading from a transcript
sign the form before it is submitted. Associate • to use a sign language interpreter
Centres should submit their completed forms to • their Cambridge Associate.
to use modiied papers. (i) We review all applications on an individual basis.
We do not allow the use of oral language modiiers for We will reply in writing to all applications. If your any exams.
application is approved we will conirm and advise
36 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK) 36 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK)
centre-delegated access arrangement. See section (j) If we approve the application, it is up to the Head of
1.3.6.4 for more information.
Centre to decide whether the candidate needs to use
1.3.5.4 Practical assistant
the arrangements in all the requested assessments (a) Candidates may be allowed to use a practical as they may not need the same degree of assistance assistant if they suffer from disabilities or conditions in every subject. which prevent them from carrying out parts of the
This section explains the regulations you must follow for
assessment themselves.
speciic non-delegated access arrangements. (b) If a candidate needs to use a practical assistant, you
1.3.5.1 Alternative venue must submit the application form with the relevant You can apply for a candidate to take an exam at an
supporting evidence. The candidate cannot use the alternative venue, for example if the candidate is in
assistant until the application has been approved. hospital or home educated for medical reasons. Please
(c) A practical assistant is a responsible adult who, in see section 2.6 for more information.
coursework and/or in an exam, carries out practical tasks at the instruction of the candidate. They:
1.3.5.2 E-texts for literature exams
• make sure candidates are safe
(a) In exams where access to set texts is allowed, you can apply for our permission for a candidate to use
• report visual observations at the candidate’s electronic copies of set texts.
instruction
(b) You should apply for this arrangement as far in • carry out some or all of the manual tasks
contributing to the practical exam, at the advance of the relevant exam as possible.
candidate’s instruction
(c) You must specify the type of device to be used when • must not comment on any of the candidate’s you apply.
answers
(d) You are responsible for ensuring that the device • must not give any factual help or indicate when a being used is cleared of all previous data,
task is complete
applications and software; any internal dictionaries • must not advise the candidate about which must be deleted or disabled and all internet or
practical questions to answer, when to move on external network connections must be disabled.
to the next question, or the order in which they (e) We will provide additional guidance if your
should answer questions. If the practical assistant application is approved.
is also acting as a prompter they should refer to section 1.3.6.6.
1.3.5.3 Extra time over 25 per cent • must carry out accurately what the candidate has (a) We will only give permission for an extra time
asked them to do, unless it is dangerous allowance of more than 25 per cent in exceptional
• must follow these regulations as failure to do so cases. By ‘exceptional cases’ we mean that a
can lead to the disqualiication of the candidate. candidate: Practical assistants must not help with the analysis • has multiple disabilities
of data or answers to questions.
• has a very severe physical disability or illness (d) You must seek advice at the beginning of the course • is visually impaired and/or needs to use Braille about whether using a practical assistant will affect
papers the assessment criteria and therefore the candidate’s • cannot use another type of access arrangement
ability to demonstrate attainment.
because of speciic syllabus restrictions. (e) The use of a practical assistant should relect the
(b) It is important to remember that if the exam is too candidate’s usual way of working, except in cases of long, it can be damaging to a candidate’s condition,
temporary injury to the writing hand or arm. so please seek medical advice before applying for
(f) The use of a practical assistant must not
over 25 per cent extra time. We cannot accept disadvantage the candidate or give them an responsibility for any ill effects caused by any access unfair advantage. The practical assistant is used arrangements you request. to enable the candidate to show their knowledge,
(c) We recommend you allow candidates to take
understanding and skills.
supervised rest breaks if they have an extra time allowance of over 25 per cent.
Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK) 1 Preparation 37
(g) A practical assistant is not a reader or scribe, but
(b) We usually allow readers:
the same person may act as a reader, scribe and/ • for permanently or temporarily visually impaired or practical assistant if the candidate has our
candidates who cannot read a Braille/enlarged permission to use these access arrangements.
paper independently
(h) We will not allow a practical assistant in subjects • where the candidate’s reading skills (accuracy, testing design or artistic skills (for example, music,
speed, comprehension) have been measured in art or design and technology), where the practical
a test by an educational psychologist, a clinical skill is the focus of the assessment. If the candidate
psychologist, an occupational psychologist or a only needs minimal assistance please contact us to
specialist teacher and are in the below average discuss their needs.
range. ‘Below average’ is a technical deinition (i) The practical assistant is appointed by and
which means one deviation below the mean on responsible to the Head of Centre/exams oficer.
a nationally standardised test taken within three They must be known and accepted by the candidate
years of the exam series. It does not mean ‘below and capable of reading the material involved.
average standard’ in a particular centre. Please
A practical assistant should not usually be the contact us for advice if you have any questions candidate’s own subject teacher and must not be a
about assessing a candidate’s reading skills. relative, friend or peer.
(c) Using a reader should relect the candidate’s usual (j) Make sure that other candidates are not disturbed
way of working, except in cases of temporary injury. by the assistant or the candidate. If you put the
(d) The reader may read numbers printed in igures as candidate and practical assistant in a separate
words. For example they should read 252 as ‘two exam room, they will need a separate invigilator.
hundred and ifty-two’ but at the point of reading See section 1.3.6.8.
the number they should also point to it on the paper. centre-delegated arrangement is being used.
You must notify us if this
An exception would be when the question is asking (k) If the practical assistant is also acting as a reader
for a number to be written in words (for example, and/or scribe, they may also read back the
‘Write the number 3675 in words’). candidate’s answers at the candidate’s request.
(e) The reader may read back, when requested, what the The examples below show how using a practical
candidate has written in the answer. assistant can support candidates with particular needs.
(f) A reader is not a scribe, but the same person may act as both reader and scribe if the candidate has our
Example 1
permission for both arrangements.
A candidate who has a severe tremor in both hands (g) The reader may, if requested, give the spelling of a cannot safely perform any science practical activity.
word which appears on the question paper. Apart She applies for a practical assistant. She is credited
from this they must not give spellings. with marks for planning, evaluation and observations,
but she cannot gain marks for using techniques, (h) The reader may enable a visually impaired candidate apparatus and materials.
to identify diagrams, graphs and tables, but must not give factual information or offer any suggestions, other than to give information which would be
Example 2
available to sighted candidates.
A candidate has hemiplegia affecting his left side. (i) We will not allow a reader if the request is based on He is right-handed. He needs a practical assistant in English not being the candidate’s irst language. science to hold equipment steady while he performs
Human readers are not allowed for language as a second hand where two hands are needed.
practical tasks. The practical assistant is acting only
(j)
papers or sections of language papers that test The candidate does not lose any marks for using
reading. Instead, you may apply for 25 per cent extra apparatus and materials because he performs by
time, or the use of a computer reader, or reading himself those skills which are being assessed.
pen. (k) The reader must only read the instructions and
1.3.5.5 Reader questions on the question paper(s) and must not (a) If a candidate needs to use a reader, you must
explain or clarify the meaning of the words. In some submit the application form together with the
cases the understanding of the written word may be relevant evidence. They cannot use a reader until the
the skill being examined.
application has been approved.
38 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK)
(l) The reader must not advise the candidate which (s) Reading pens are centre-delegated access questions to answer, when to move on to the next
arrangements. They must not have an in-built question, or the order in which to answer questions.
dictionary or thesaurus, or data-storage facility. All If the reader is also acting as a prompter, they should
pens must be checked before the exam to make sure refer to section 1.3.6.6.
they comply with these requirements.
(m) The reader must not decode symbols and unit
(t) Readers for the visually impaired:
abbreviations. For example, do not read 2 2 as ‘two • must read, as often as requested, the questions squared’ but simply point to the function, since
and the answers already recorded
part of the assessment is recognising what the superscript 2 means. Similarly, if the symbol > is
• must, if asked, give information about how much printed, do not read it as ‘greater than’ but simply
time has passed and how much time remains point to it.
• are allowed to help a candidate using tactile maps, diagrams, graphs and tables to get the
(n) The Head of Centre must provide readers information that the print/amended print copy who are responsible adults, and fully understand
would give to a sighted candidate
the regulations of being a reader. A reader reads the questions to the candidate. This may involve
• must, if requested, give the spelling of a word reading the whole paper or only the words that
which occurs in the question paper or in the the candidate requests. The reader must follow the
coursework material – they must not give other regulations set out in this handbook.
spellings • must immediately refer any problems, including
(o) The reader is appointed by and responsible to the issues with communication, to the invigilator. Head of Centre/exams oficer. They must be known
and accepted by the candidate and capable of (u) If a candidate with a temporary injury needs a reader reading the material involved. The reader must not
you must follow the instructions for emergency
be the candidate’s own subject teacher, or a relative, access arrangements detailed in section 1.3.8. friend, or peer.
(v) Apply for modiied language papers and the use of a (p) Make sure that other candidates cannot overhear or
reader for any candidate who meets the criteria for
a reader, and who is usually supported through sign and reader in a separate exam room, they will need
be disturbed by the reader. If you put the candidate
language. A sign language interpreter can help the
candidate to understand the rubric only and must must notify us if this centre-delegated arrangement
a separate invigilator. See section 1.3.6.8.
You
take care to sign exactly what is written without is being used.
changing the meaning, adding any information, or providing an explanation of what the rubric requires
(q) If a candidate is not allowed a reader they can take of the candidate. Where a sign is iconographic and their exam in a separate room so they can read conveys the meaning of a technical or subject- aloud, particularly where this is their normal way of speciic word which is being tested, the word working. In these cases you must provide a separate should be pointed to on the question paper, or invigilator. See section 1.3.6.8.
You must notify
may be inger spelled. It is important that any sign us if this centre-delegated arrangement is being language interpreter used in an assessment knows used. the sign language of the candidate, and the signs
(r) We will allow a computer reader if the have been used throughout the course of study. candidate is eligible for a reader. The software must
You are responsible for selecting an appropriate sign not decode or interpret the paper or give nuance
language interpreter.
to the text. A computer reader is allowed in papers testing reading and is an acceptable alternative to
Extra guidance
a human reader in language exams as it allows the candidate to independently meet the requirements
We recommend you make any candidates
of the reading standards. Please check the non- using a reader in an exam aware of what the interactive PDF provided is compatible with
reader can and cannot do before the candidate the software by downloading a past paper from
takes their irst exam. Download Instructions www.cambridgeinternational.org. When requesting
for Readers from the ‘Running exams’ page at
a computer reader you must tell us which syllabus www.cambridgeinternational.org/examday and components the candidate is taking so we can upload the correct electronic PDF. See Preparation – Form 1 for full guidance.
Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK) 1 Preparation 39
1.3.5.6 Scribe • candidates with a permanent physical disability or recent injury who are unable to write.
(a) If a candidate needs to use a scribe, you must submit the application form together with the
Please contact us for advice if you have any relevant evidence. They cannot use a scribe until
questions about assessing a candidate’s spelling the application has been approved.
The Head
accuracy or writing speed.
of Centre must provide scribes who are responsible (g) The scribe is appointed by and responsible to the adults, and fully understand the regulations of being
Head of Centre/exams oficer. They must be known
a scribe. and accepted by the candidate and capable of (b) A scribe can be used in coursework and/or in exams,
reading the material involved. A scribe must not be but not in speaking tests. A scribe writes down or
the candidate’s own subject teacher, relative, friend word processes a candidate’s dictated answers. If a
or peer.
candidate dictates answers onto a tape you must (h) We recommend that a candidate using a scribe produce a transcript. Candidates must respond in takes the exam in a separate room. However, if the English. candidate and scribe are in the same room as other
(c) Candidates are eligible to use a scribe if they suffer candidates, make sure that the other candidates from long-term or temporary disabilities that
cannot overhear or be disturbed by the candidate or prevent them from communicating by any other
scribe. If the candidate and scribe are in a separate means. If writing is a skill which is being tested, the
exam room, they will need a separate invigilator. candidate must dictate all spelling and punctuation
You must notify us if this in their responses to the scribe. You must use Exam
See section 1.3.6.8.
centre-delegated arrangement is being used. Day – Form 4 to describe in full all the help given
(i) A scribe:
to the candidate by the scribe, including help with spelling. Candidates cannot use a scribe in certain
• must write down or word process accurately language syllabuses where it is not possible to
what the candidate says (except in an exam dictate responses.
requiring word processing, in which case we will not allow a scribe)
(d) Using a scribe should relect the candidate’s usual way of working, except in cases of temporary injury.
• may, at the request of the candidate, read back what has been written but must make no
(e) A scribe is not a reader, but the same person may act comment about any part of the answer given as both scribe and reader as long as the candidate
• must draw or add to maps, diagrams and graphs has our permission for both arrangements. strictly in accordance with the candidate’s
(f) We will allow a scribe in certain subjects instructions, unless the candidate is taking a for candidates who cannot produce written
design paper, in which case we will only allow a communication by any other means, for example,
scribe to assist with written parts of the paper word processing or Braille input. For exam purposes,
• must write or word process a correction on a this means:
typescript or Braille sheet only if requested to do • candidates whose writing speed or spelling
so by the candidate
accuracy have been measured in a test by an • must immediately refer any problems, including educational psychologist, clinical or occupational
issues with communication, to the invigilator psychologist, or specialist teacher and are in
• must not give factual help to the candidate or the below average range. ‘Below average’ is a
indicate when the answer is complete technical deinition which means one deviation
• must not advise the candidate about which below the mean on a nationally standardised
questions to answer, when to move on to the test taken within three years of the exam series.
next question, or about the order in which to It does not mean ‘below average standard’ in a
answer questions. If the scribe is also acting as a particular centre.
prompter they should refer to section 1.3.6.6. • candidates whose free writing cannot be read by
• must follow these regulations as failure to do others, is grammatically incomprehensible or is so could lead to the disqualiication of the produced so slowly that answers cannot be fully
candidate.
recorded even with the extra time allowed candidates whose handwriting speed (words per
• (j) The centre must attach Exam Day – Form 4 to each
minute) is in the ‘below average’ range for their script. Use this cover sheet to explain whether age
graphs and diagrams were completed by the candidate or by the scribe. The scribe must sign the
40 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK) 40 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK)
Example 2
Centre or the exams oficer. Attach a copy of our permission letter to use a scribe to the cover sheet.
A candidate with severe dyspraxia cannot use a word processor because she has poor motor skills. She can
(k) We do not allow a scribe in subjects testing dictate words in her chosen language exam letter by writing, such as language writing papers, unless the letter. She is permitted a scribe, but must dictate in candidate can dictate the words letter by letter. the language by spelling out words letter by letter. The candidate’s dictation may be taped. This will In other subjects, she is permitted simply to dictate help the candidate to get the low of the particular without spelling out the words, unless they are language. When the candidate has inished dictating uncommon ones. Her marks are credited for the skills their response the tape may be re-run, enabling the
she has demonstrated.
candidate to give the exact spellings of the words dictated. In such circumstances, you may allow extra time of up to 100 per cent.
Extra guidance
(l) In language writing tests candidates are marked for the quality of their language, which covers not only
We recommend you make any candidates
the range and complexity, but also the accuracy using a scribe in an exam aware of what the of the language. It is therefore essential for the
scribe can and cannot do before the candidate candidate to spell out the words, letter by letter,
takes their irst exam. Download Instructions in such exams. Similarly in language listening and
for Scribes from the ‘Running exams’ page at reading tests, marks are awarded for comprehension.
www.cambridgeinternational.org/examday Sometimes the spelling of a word in a language can
indicate a particular tense and this can be important
1.3.5.7 Voice-activated software
when it comes to marking the script. Where the centre has approval for the use of a scribe
(m) In other subjects testing written communication and where it relects the candidate’s normal way of skills we will allow a scribe. In such cases we will
working within the centre, as appropriate to his/her assess the candidate only on those aspects of
needs, the candidate may alternatively use:
written communication which are demonstrated • speech recognition technology with predictive text independently, such as the use of language and when the candidate dictates into a word processor. grammar. If separate marks are awarded in an exam Software (such as read and write software) may for spelling and punctuation, these usually cannot be
be used to read back and correct the candidate’s credited to a candidate using a scribe. However, we dictated answers. Please note this arrangement may award marks for punctuation and spelling if this will not be permitted in language speciications is dictated, and is noted on the cover sheet.
including English.
(n) If a candidate with a temporary injury needs a scribe • computer software, producing speech, which is you must follow the instructions for emergency
used to dictate to a scribe. However, the candidate access arrangements detailed in section 1.3.8.
will not have access to marks awarded for spelling, (o) Candidates must not answer written questions using
punctuation and grammar.
sign language in any syllabus including using sign In all cases, the centre must complete and attach Exam language to ‘dictate’ answers to a scribe.
Day – Form 4 to each candidate’s script. Do not use The examples below show how using a scribe can
Exam Day – Form 5, which is the cover sheet for word support candidates with particular needs.
processors.
1.3.5.8 Exemptions
Example 1
We need to carefully balance the requirement to make
A candidate with severe cerebral palsy has no use sure our qualiications are accessible to candidates with of his hands. He cannot use speech recognition the need to protect the integrity of the qualiication. software because his speech is indistinct. It is too Exemptions may be appropriate in a few extreme cases, dificult for him to spell out each word letter by but we will only consider them as a last resort when all letter. He is allowed to use a scribe in all subjects other reasonable adjustments have been made. except language writing papers where writing in the
language is being tested. (a) The candidate must still cover the course for assessment even if they are exempt from a particular component.
Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK) 1 Preparation 41
(b) We will not permit exemptions if they compromise • a psychological assessment carried out by a qualiied the validity of the qualiication.
psychologist conirming a learning disability (c) We will not allow exemptions from components
• an assessment conirming a learning disability which are the key objectives of the syllabus.
carried out by a specialist teacher who holds a relevant qualiication
(d) To apply for an exemption, complete and return the irst part of Preparation – Form 1 with supporting
• a report written by a teacher who has no formal special needs qualiication, but has had at least
evidence of need. ive years’ working experience in the area of
(e) If your centre receives approval for an special educational needs, as long as the report is exemption, you must mark the candidate as
authenticated by the Head of Centre. absent on the attendance register for the exam.
Candidates with medical, physical, mental or other ill The candidate will be awarded a calculated mark health must have evidence in the form of a report, letter provided they complete a minimum of 50 per cent or sick note. The evidence should cover the relevant of the total assessment for each qualiication, by period of education for the assessment. component weighting, in the exam series in which
the award is being made. Carry-forward marks do This section explains the regulations you must follow for not count towards this requirement.
speciic centre-delegated access arrangements.
1.3.6 Centre-delegated access
1.3.6.1 Background music
arrangements
If a candidate requires low-level background music to (a) You decide whether your candidate(s) can use any
be played during exams please contact us for advice. of our centre-delegated access arrangements. You
If permitted:
should consider: (a) background music must not relate to the syllabus
• what medical or psychological evidence you
being tested
have for the candidate to support any centre- (b) it must not distract other candidates in any way delegated arrangements you plan to use
• the candidate’s normal ways of working and any (c) any music must be controlled and checked by the arrangements they use in the classroom
centre.
• the candidate’s performance in internal
1.3.6.2 Colour naming
assessments, such as mock exams We allow colour-blind candidates to ask the invigilator • any previous dificulties the candidate has to name colours. The invigilator cannot give any other
experienced in relation to taking assessments. information. If the candidate usually uses a colour (b) You must tell us if you plan to use any of our centre-
chart, we will allow them to do so in both written and delegated access arrangements by submitting
practical exams.
Preparation – Form 4. The Head of Centre, exams
Example
oficer or Cambridge Associate, in the case of Associate Centres, needs to sign the form before it
A visually impaired candidate suffering from colour is submitted.
Associate Centres should submit blindness in a science practical exam may be told their completed forms to their Cambridge Associate.
that a solution has changed in colour and what Cambridge Associates should agree earlier deadline
colour it has changed to, but they must not be given dates with their Associate Centres. This will give
any indication about what the change in colour them time to process their forms and send them on
represents.
to us. (c)
You must keep all evidence relating to centre-
1.3.6.3 Coloured overlays
delegated access arrangements until the end of the Some visual perception dificulties are corrected by the enquiries about results period. We regularly conduct
use of tinted glasses or coloured overlays. You can allow centre-delegated sampling to check this. It will
these if the candidate needs them.
be considered malpractice if you do not have this evidence on ile when requested.
1.3.6.4 Extra time up to 25 per cent (d) You need one of the following types of evidence for
(a) An extra time allowance of up to 25 per cent should candidates with learning dificulties who use centre-
meet the needs of most candidates. The amount delegated arrangements:
of extra time granted must relect the extent to which the completion of the exam is affected by the candidate’s condition.
42 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK)
(b) Candidates eligible for extra time include those
1.3.6.6 Prompter
with permanent or temporary physical disabilities (a) You may allow the use of a prompter for candidates and those with a learning dificulty. Candidates
who have:
typically awarded extra time of up to 25 per cent will have results measured in tests of speed in a
• severe attention dificulties
report conducted by an educational psychologist, • a neurological or cognitive disability affecting
a clinical psychologist, occupational psychologist
attention
or suitably qualiied teacher, and are shown to be
• little or no sense of time
below average. ‘Below average’ means one deviation an obsessive-compulsive disorder which causes below the mean on a nationally standardised test
them to keep revising a question rather than taken within three years of the exam series. It does
moving on to other questions.
not mean ‘below average standard’ in a particular centre.
You should consider the use of a prompter if this relects the candidate’s usual way of working. For
(c) It is important to remember that prolonging the
a number of candidates in this category, it may be exam can be damaging to a candidate’s condition, so enough for the invigilator to act as the prompter, please seek medical advice before using up to 25 per provided that the number of candidates in the exam cent extra time. We cannot accept responsibility for
room is small enough.
any ill effects caused by any access arrangements you request or use.
(b) A prompter is a responsible adult who may sit beside the candidate in order to keep the candidate focused
(d) For listening exams you must administer extra on the task in hand, and on the need to answer a time by pausing the recording. Contact us to request
question and then move on to the next.
our guidance document. (c) A prompter is not a reader, a scribe or a practical
(e) You must apply for our permission for extra time assistant, but the same person may act as these as allowances of more than 25 per cent. See section long as we have given our permission for each of
1.3.5.3 for more information.
these arrangements.
1.3.6.5 Live speakers (d) The prompter is appointed by and responsible to the
(a) If a hearing impaired candidate wants to use a live Head of Centre or exams oficer and must be known speaker for pre-recorded exam components, it
and accepted by the candidate.
should relect their usual way of working. (e) The prompter should not usually be the candidate’s
(b) The Head of Centre must appoint the live speakers own subject teacher. The prompter cannot be a presenting the listening component. The live
relative, friend or peer of the candidate. However, speakers must be luent in the language in question
the prompter needs to be familiar enough with the – ideally they should be teachers of the language
candidate to recognise when their attention is no being assessed and known to the candidate.
longer on the task in hand.
(c) In order to use a live speaker for pre-recorded exam (f) A prompter must not speak to the candidate, components, you must also submit Preparation –
give factual help or offer suggestions. It may be Form 3 by the modiied paper application deadline to
possible to say the candidate’s name or use certain request a transcript of the listening CD.
instructions written on prompt cards. Instructions (d) Ideally live speakers should work with only one or
must not help candidates with exam questions. two candidates. If this is not possible there should
Send any prompt cards you are planning to use to never be more than six candidates to one live
[email protected] before the exam speaker. Candidates should be seated so they can all
so we can make sure they are acceptable.
clearly see the live speaker. Invigilation should take (g) A prompter must not advise the candidate about place in the usual way.
which questions to do, when to move on to the next question (unless they have inished the previous
(e) You should give the live speaker access to the CDs answer and their attention has wandered), or the on the day of the exam 90 minutes before the
order in which to answer questions.
published Key Time, to allow them to prepare their role from the transcript and to hear the speed of
(h) A prompter can attract the candidate’s attention delivery required. They must not interpret the text
by tapping on the desk or on the candidate’s arm, in any way. During this time the candidates must be
depending on their usual practice, in order to remind kept under Full Centre Supervision. Our Key Time
the candidate that they must pay attention to the regulations must be observed before and after the
question.
exam.
Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK) 1 Preparation 43
(i) A prompter should be prepared for periods of (b) Candidates eligible for supervised rest breaks inactivity during the exam, but must remain vigilant
include those with permanent or temporary physical and refer any problems during the exam to the
disabilities and, in certain cases, those with a invigilator.
learning dificulty.
(j) The prompter must follow the regulations. If they do (c) You may give supervised rest breaks either in or not the candidate may be disqualiied.
outside the exam room. The duration of the break must not be included in the time allowed for the
The examples below show how using a prompter can exam component. You should stop the clock when support candidates with particular needs. the candidate starts their rest break and start it
Example 1
again when the rest break is over. In certain cases the candidate may require extra time as well as
A candidate with obsessive-compulsive disorder goes
supervised rest breaks.
over the irst question again and again. The prompter taps on the desk every quarter of an hour. The
(d) Other candidates must not be distracted. candidate knows how many questions they must do
1.3.6.11 Transcript
in that time and tries to move on. (a) You may submit a transcript where a candidate’s
handwriting is illegible and it would be beneicial for
Example 2
an examiner to refer to a transcript for clariication.
A candidate with Asperger’s Syndrome has no sense (b) The regulations apply equally to the transcription of of time. The prompter sees that the candidate is
a candidate’s answers produced in Braille. doing nothing. She taps on the desk to bring his
attention back to the answer he was writing. (c) You may produce a transcript that is handwritten,
typed or word processed.
1.3.6.7 Reading aloud (d) A transcript may be a full copy written in a spare answer booklet, for example, if a candidate answers
If a candidate is not allowed a reader they can take in Braille, or a partial copy where only certain words their exam in a separate room so they can read aloud, need clariication. In this case, you must photocopy if this is their usual way of working. You are responsible the original script and write the words clearly above for making sure that the candidate takes the exam in a the candidate’s writing in blue or black (but not in suitable room where they cannot be overheard by other red, green or purple ink, or pencil). candidates and are appropriately invigilated.
(e) You must produce the transcript immediately after
1.3.6.8 Separate invigilation the exam under secure conditions. The candidate
(a) You may want a candidate to take the exam must not be involved in the production of the separately with an individual invigilator, for example
transcript.
if the candidate has a medical condition, such as (f) A member of your centre’s staff who is familiar with Tourettes, and may distract other candidates, or if a the candidate’s handwriting or is fully competent candidate is using a scribe and their answers may be in Braille code for the subject concerned must overheard by other candidates.
This should not be the (b) If you do allow separate invigilation you are
produce the transcript.
candidate’s own teacher. Please contact us if this is responsible for making sure that the candidate takes
unavoidable.
the exam in a suitable venue and that an invigilator (g) You must complete Exam Day – Form 6 and attach is provided. it to the candidate’s script. The teacher preparing
(c) You must follow the instructions for the conduct of the transcript must sign the cover sheet and a exams at all times.
person acting on behalf of the Head of Centre must countersign. You must also attach a copy of Exam
1.3.6.9 Simple translation dictionaries Day – Form 6 to any coursework/portfolio work that
We allow candidates to use simple translation
has been transcribed.
dictionaries for particular qualiications. See section (h) The transcript must be an exact word-for-word
5.1.6.2 for our regulations on using dictionaries. copy of the candidate’s script. The transcriber must
1.3.6.10 Supervised rest breaks not insert or remove any words and must not (a) You may allow supervised rest breaks in timed
change their order. The transcriber must not correct components in most subjects.
spellings and technical terms.
44 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK)
(i) If you consider that some interpretation is necessary, (d) Candidates who may beneit from the use of a word please discuss this with us as soon as possible before
processor, computer or electronic typewriter are the exam. You should be prepared to supply samples
those with:
of the candidate’s usual written work. (i) a learning dificulty that affects their ability to (j) Production of the transcript must not delay the
write legibly
despatch of scripts to us. You must not send us any
(ii) a physical disability
extra information with the scripts.
(iii) a health condition
(k) For candidates whose dificulties are so signiicant
(iv) a visual impairment
that you cannot produce a transcript, please see
(v) a cognitive disability
the regulations for using a scribe (section 1.3.5.6) or word processor (section 1.3.6.13).
(vi) illegible handwriting.
The examples below show how using a transcript can (e) Marks are awarded based on the achievement support candidates with particular needs.
demonstrated by the candidate. In order to make sure mark schemes are applied fairly, we may ask
Example 1
you to supply extra information about the method the candidate used to write their answers.
A candidate with severe dyslexia writes in a very cramped style which is dificult for a stranger to read.
(f) When marking candidates’ coursework you must His teachers are familiar with his writing. We allow
give credit according to the assessment criteria in one of them, not his own subject teacher, to write a
the syllabus. You cannot give the candidate credit full transcript in a clean answer booklet, which they
if they cannot demonstrate certain skills because send to the examiner with the original script.
they have used a word processor, computer or electronic typewriter. We may require you to submit coursework produced on a computer for inspection
Example 2
by a moderator.
A candidate writes some words illegibly. The centre (g) Before choosing a syllabus for a candidate who uses makes a photocopy of the script and writes in
a word processor, computer or electronic typewriter, the necessary words clearly over the top of the you must consider whether the candidate can fully candidate’s writing, but only on the photocopy. meet the assessment objectives. Some syllabuses
test particular skills (for example, drawing by hand),
1.3.6.12 Visual aids which the candidate cannot demonstrate if using a You may allow a candidate with visual perception
word processor, computer or electronic typewriter. dificulties to use visual aids, for example, a magnifying
If you are in any doubt please discuss the situation glass.
with us. It is in the candidate’s best interest to establish at an early stage if they can use a word
1.3.6.13 Word processor, computer or electronic processor, computer or electronic typewriter. typewriter
A word processor must be used as a (a) The use of a word processor, computer or electronic
(h)
typewriter, not as a database, although standard typewriter must not result in a misleading
formatting software is acceptable. Word processors assessment or give an unfair advantage.
must not have spell checking, grammatical checking (b) Candidates can usually complete coursework using
or thesaurus features enabled in any assessment,
a word processor, computer or electronic typewriter or give the candidate access to other applications unless prohibited by the syllabus.
(such as calculators or spreadsheets). They must not include graphics packages or computer-aided
(c) You may allow the use of a word processor, design software unless we have given permission computer or electronic typewriter when it relects
for this. In language syllabuses, keyboard shortcut the candidate’s usual way of working and is
software is allowed. However, it must not contain appropriate to their needs. A word processor cannot
spell checking, a thesaurus, predictive typing, or
be used by a candidate because: allow phonetic conversion from English. A keyboard (i) they want to type rather than write in exams
containing speciic language keys is acceptable. (ii) they work faster on a keyboard
(i) A candidate eligible for the use of a scribe (see (iii) they use a word processor, computer or
section 1.3.5.6) may, in syllabuses where the electronic typewriter at home.
candidate does not have to spell each word letter by letter and provide all punctuation, use the spell
Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK) 1 Preparation 45 Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK) 1 Preparation 45
use a scribe and/or relevant software. (j) If you want to use a speciic piece of software, you
(q) A third party must not use a word processor, must ask for our permission irst. We will determine
computer or electronic typewriter on the candidate’s what effect, if any, the use of speciic software
behalf unless the candidate has our permission to may have on our ability to assess the candidate
use a scribe.
fairly in each subject. We reserve the right to seek (r) You must attach Exam Day – Form 5 to each script independent advice concerning a candidate’s use of where a word processor, computer or electronic computers and software in order to decide which are
typewriter has been used.
appropriate.
We may need to contact you about your (k) The computer or word processor must not be candidate’s word processed script(s). Save word connected to the school’s network, the internet or processed scripts onto an encrypted USB stick at the any other means of communication. end of each exam and store it securely until the end
(s)
(l) You must be sure any word processor, computer of the enquiry about results period. or electronic typewriter used in an exam is clear
The examples below show how using a word processor, of any previously stored data. The word processor,
computer or electronic typewriter can support computer or electronic typewriter must be in good
candidates with particular needs. working order and must be connected to mains
electricity instead of run on a battery. It must also
Example 1
be connected to a printer so a script can be printed. Printing may be done after the exam is over. The
A candidate taking a design and technology paper candidate must make sure that the work printed
wants to use a word processor. Most of the paper is their own. The candidate should save their work
involves drawing original designs by hand. We do regularly during the exam; where available they can
not allow computer-aided design packages in this use an autosave facility. If the candidate’s work has
particular paper. The candidate must not use a word been saved onto a USB stick for printing, check that
processor.
the work can be retrieved from the USB stick before deleting the work from the computer.
Example 2
(m) If a candidate uses a word processor, computer or
A candidate who cannot write legibly because she electronic typewriter make sure the other candidates
has severe dyslexia applies to use a word processor in are not disturbed and cannot read the screen. If
exams. It is her normal means of producing written the candidate using the word processor, computer
work because her teachers cannot read her writing. or electronic typewriter is in a separate room they
She is very proicient on the machine. The candidate will need a separate invigilator. See section 1.3.6.8.
can use a word processor.
You must notify us if this centre-delegated arrangement is being used.
1.3.7 Modiied papers
(n) Scripts must be double spaced and in font size (a) Modiied papers do not have different or easier 10–14. The candidate must include the following on
questions. We still expect candidates to answer each page of their work:
the same questions at the same level as other • centre number
candidates.
• candidate number (b) You must apply for modiied papers using
• candidate name Preparation – Form 3. The Head of Centre, exams • date of exam
oficer or Cambridge Associate, in the case of • Associate Centres, needs to sign the form before it is
syllabus and component
Associate Centres should submit their • number of pages in the script, for example, ‘1 of
submitted.
completed forms to their Cambridge Associate. 7’, ‘2 of 7’ etc. (c) We only accept applications for modiied question (o) Using treasury tags or string, please attach word
papers if you have already submitted a inal entry for processed scripts to the relevant answer booklet or
the relevant candidate, syllabus and component. question paper if the other candidates are answering
directly on the question paper. (d) You must submit inal entries and applications for modiied papers by the published deadline. It is
(p) Word processors, computers or electronic important to make your requests on time so you do typewriters must not include voice-activated
not disadvantage your candidates.
46 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK)
If we receive the inal entry and application after the deadline we cannot guarantee that we will be able to
Regulations
supply the modiied papers you need.
Cambridge
Associates should agree earlier deadline dates with their Associate Centres. This will give them time to
(a) If candidates answer in Braille, you must process their applications and send them on to us.
provide a transcript for the examiner. Follow the regulations for producing transcripts in section
(e) If retake candidates need modiied papers please
1.3.6.11. Please complete and attach Exam Day – contact us as soon as possible so we can discuss the
Form 6 to the transcript.
options available. The earlier you contact us, the more likely we will be able to provide the modiied
(b) If a candidate does not require the content paper you need.
of the paper to be modiied; can see pictures, graphs and diagrams; and would beneit from
(f) The types of paper available are: an enlarged or coloured copy of a paper, the
• Braille paper: text in the paper will be presented centre may produce an enlarged or coloured as Uniied English Brailled (UEB). Visual
copy of the paper. The centre is permitted to information will be simpliied or removed and
open the question paper packet not more than presented as verbal information. Diagrams may
90 minutes before the published KeyTime (or in
be presented in a tactile form. Please indicate exceptional circumstances, with prior permission whether you need contracted or uncontracted
from us, before the standard centre start time) Braille on the application form.
for the exam.
• Coloured paper: unmodiied content is printed on
This will enable a centre to:
coloured paper. • copy and enlarge the standard paper from A4
• Enlarged font: the font is modiied so that visual
to A3
information is simpliied and the paper is re- printed in 18 point bold print on A3 or A4 sheets.
• copy the standard paper onto coloured paper This is the most appropriate paper for candidates
• produce a question paper with singlesided with severe visual impairment or for syllabuses
print.
where scaled diagrams may be required. The centre is responsible for ensuring that the • Enlarged paper (unmodiied): the standard paper
security and integrity of the question paper is is enlarged to A3 size. This is not appropriate
maintained during the production process. where scaled diagrams have been used.
• (c) Centres should be aware that enlarging an Simpliied carrier language: complex sentences
exam question paper may affect questions are broken down into simpler ones. The
relating to scale. This must be considered in your questions and answers remain the same as for
production process and we should be notiied any other candidate and technical vocabulary is
if a centre believes there may be an impact. unchanged. Modiied carrier language papers are
You must notify us if you plan to produce an only available for certain syllabuses and are not
enlarged or coloured copy of a question paper by available in language or literature exams.
completing and returning Preparation – Form 4 • Tactile diagrams.
by the dates in section 1.3.
• Transcript of listening CDs.
1.3.8 Emergency access arrangements
For temporary disabilities, for example, one of your candidates breaks their arm before the exam, you must get our approval before you use any access arrangements. You can do this by emailing or telephoning us straight away. We will discuss the most appropriate access arrangements, give you verbal approval and ask you to submit the relevant form. State the arrangements that were agreed on the form and send it to us together with the candidate’s evidence of need as soon as possible. Failure to do so may be considered malpractice.
Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK) 1 Preparation 47
If it is not possible to contact us before the exam takes place, the Head of Centre should decide on the day whether to use access arrangements for the temporary disability. Complete and send the relevant form along with the candidate’s evidence of need as soon as possible.
If we give permission for a candidate to use a scribe/ writer, or if you provide a transcript, please attach a completed copy of the relevant cover sheet to the candidate’s script/transcript. Cover sheets are available at www.cambridgeinternational.org/forms under ‘Exam day’.
1.3.9 Appeals
To appeal against the outcome of an access arrangement application please refer to the section of this handbook called ‘Cambridge International Appeals Regulations and Guidance’.
Extra guidance
Download the following support from our website: • How to Apply for Access Arrangements
(www.cambridgeinternational.org/preparation) • Good Practice Guide: Running Exams with Access Arrangements
(www.cambridgeinternational.org/examday) • How to Apply for Modified Papers (www.cambridgeinternational.org/preparation)
48 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (UK)