CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
One of the essential parts in scientific research in analyzing the data is to have a method of analysis. In this thesis the writer apply library research which using
written information to support the analysis. As the main object of the analysis, the writer will took the sentences and utterances from book three in The New Testament
which contains the figurative expressions.
There are some steps which taken in doing the analysis. First, the writer will collect the data that is the sentences and utterances that contain figurative
expressions in The Book three in The New Testament. Then the second step, the writer will analyze the data based on the semantics theory. Finally, the writer will
make a general conclusion from the analysis.
3.1 Research Design
The study have conducted with descriptive qualitative approaches. A qualitative approach is defined as a description of observations which is not
ordinarily expressed in quantitative terms. It is not suggested that numerical measures are never used, but that others means of description are emphasized. Nazir
1998:64 says that descriptive method is a method of research that makes the description of the situation of event or occurrence so that this method only performs
the mere basic data accumulation. Therefore, descriptive design is a research design which is intended only to describe the variable. The writer choosed this method
because this which is very suitable with my analysis. And than figurative expression which I analyzed in this thesis is not discuss or analyzed abot number, account, or
the others.
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3.2 Data Collecting Method
The source of my data in this thesis is from The Holy Bible The Book Three in The New Testament in The New International Version published by International
Bible Society 1984. Arikunto 2002:102 states that population is the whole number of the subjects or people under observation in a research. The population of
this analysis is the sentences and utterances from that book which is have specific of characteristic of figurative expression. Sutrisno, 2004:91, said, “dalam purposive
sampling, pemilihan sekelompok subjek didasarkan pada ciri-ciri atau sifa-sifat populasi yang sudah diketahui sebelumnya. Purposive sampling didasarkan atas
informasi yang mendahului tentang populasi dan informasi ini tidak dapat diragukan lagi.” So in choosing the sample as the data of the analysis I identified
every non-literal expression that can be found in the selected sentences to support the analysis. The fifty-nine selected data will provide example for each non-literal
meaning expression that will analyzed.
3.3 Data Analyzing Method .
The process of analyzing the data will done in grouping. First of all the whole data from The Book Three in The New Testament as explained before will devided
by numbering each expression. The data will identified and classified according to the kinds of each non-literal meaning. For example the first term is about metaphor,
so I collected all the example of metaphor from that Book and make it it in group. The same thing will done for other non-literal meaning. And the last it to describe the
meaning of each the data. The analysis of the data will done by one from each group stated before. After all the
analysis will provided in the descriptive way by explaining one by one of each non- literal meaning expression found from The Book Three in The New Testament.
There some specific characteristics in kinds of figurative expression first, metaphor: the characteristic of metaphor is which a name or descriptive term is applied to a
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person or object to which it is not literally applicable thus impliying a comparison in order to show that the two things have same qualities and to make the description
more powerful. Second, personification is the practice of representing objects, qualities, etc as human beings, in art and literature. So it seems that inanimate things
is alive and act like human beings. Third, simile comparing two different things is that use of words “like,” ”as” .Fourth, hyperbole is a figure of expression, which is
an exaggeration. Person often use expression. Fifth, metonymy consisting of use of the name of one thing for that of another of which it is an attribute or with it is
associated. Six, irony meaning dissimulation of feigned ignorance is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or situation in which there is a sharp incongruity or
discordance that goes beyond the simple and evident intention of words or actions. Seven, synecdoche it is reverse is expressed: a part stands for a whole, an individual
stands for a class. And a material stands for a thing.
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING
The data analyzed based on figurative expressions, they are metaphor, personification, hyperbole, metonymy, synecdoche, simile, and irony. The
analysis carried out by describing both literal and non-literal meaning. The source of data to be analyzed is found from Book Three of The New
Testament.
4.1 Data Findings
