The electrode should be held When terminating the weld, the elec- The electrode must be protected

3.01 177 Unitor 188-31 N is a rutile basic type electrode for welding stainless and acid resistant steel containing 16–18 chromium, 10–14 nickel and –3 molybdenum. It is suitable for all welding positions. When welding tanks containing cor- rosive elements, it must be remem- bered that the final bead must be laid on the side exposed to corrosion, to prevent intercrystalline corrosion. The electrode will operate on AC or DC polarity. It is always preferable to use DC positive when welding stainless or acid-resistant steel. Use a brush with stainless steel wire bristles when cleaning up the weld. If an ordinary wire brush is used, iron oxides will be deposited in scratches left by the brush, as this can lead to corrosion. The dark oxide deposit formed on either side of the bead should also be removed. Best result is obtained using Unitor Pickling Gel to remove discolouration and oxides after welding. For welding stainless acid-resitant steel to low alloy steel, use Unitor electrode 314-3 N. Welding: 1. Use a short arc. A long arc will increase arc tension, resulting in lower current output and poor fusion.

2. The electrode should be held

almost at right angles to the work piece.

3. When terminating the weld, the elec-

trode should be move in a circle over the molten pool and finally moved quickly backwards in the groove for a distance of approx. 10 mm. The formation of a pore containing high melt point slag in the middle of the crater is thereby avoided.

4. The electrode must be protected

against humidity and welding with damp electrodes should not be attempted. A stainless steel electrode should have the same alloy composition as the base material, but there are certain exceptions. An electrode of high alloy content may be used for welding material which has a slightly lower alloy content than the electrode. Welding piping and flanges. 2nd run 1st run 3.01 178 Electrode for Stainless Steel Identification: Classifications Approvals Type of current Welding positions Materials to be welded All weld metal composition Typical mech. properties of weld metal Packaging data Welding data AC DC+ PA PB PC PF PE, PD Steel grades BS 970 DIN 17440 W.Nr. AFNOR ASTMACI SIS UNS First layer in 316S11 xCrNiMo1713 1.4404 ZCND17.1 TP 316L 353 S31603 CrNiMo- CF-3M J9800 claddings 316S13 xCrNiMo18143 1.4435 xCrNiMoN171 1.4406 ZCND17.1 á l’N TP 316LN S31653 xCrNiMoN17133 1.449 ZCND17.13 á l’N 316S31 x5CrNiMo171 1.4401 Z6CND17.11 316 TP 316 H 347 S31600 316S33 x5CrNiMo17133 1.4436 Z6CND17.1 343 S30409 30S31 x6CrNiMo171 1.4571 Z6CNDT17.1 316Ti 344 S31635S3100 x10CrNiMoTi181 1.4573 Z6CNDT 17.1 316Ti S31635 x6CrNiMoNb171 1.4580 Z6CND17.1 C P F-8M S31640 x10CrNiMoNb181 1.4583 Z6CNDNb17.13 316Cb S31640 – Welding dissimilar metals: mild steel or low alloyed steel to stainless CrNiMo-steel up to max. thickness of 1 mm. – Build up stainless overlays on mild or low alloyed steel. Imprint Unitor 314-3 N 309MoL-17 SFAAWS A5.4 EN 1600 E 309MoL-17 E 3 1 LR 3 DNV GL LR BV ABS 309Mo 4459 SSCMn 309Mo SSCMn Diameter Length Electrodes Net weight Product No. Boxes mm. mm. per box per box per box per carton .5 300 84 1.7 095-69941 6 3. 350 50 .0 095-699439 6 4.0 350 35 .0 095-699447 6 Re-drying temperature: 350 °C 66 °F for two hours. Diameter Current Arc time Deposition rate Electrodes per Fume class mm. range, A electrode, sec. Kgh kg weld metal Danish Std. .5 50–90 36 1. 81 4 3. 90–10 53 1.7 43 5 4.0 85–180 56 .5 8 6 MSDS available on request. 90 of max. amperage Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Impact value MPa MPa ISO-V J 610 510 3 At +0°C = 50 C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo FN max. 0.030 0.50 - 1.0 0.50 - 0.90 .0 - 4.0 1.0 - 14.0 .5 - 3.0 1– LMA Electrode 3.01 179 Unitor 314-3 N is a rutile-basic high alloyed electrode for welding stainless and acid-resistant steel. It is specially designed for welding stainless compound steel, and as will be seen from the sketch, the unal- loyed steel side is welded first using an unalloyed steel electrode, followed by 314-3 N on the stainless side. A certain amount of mixing with the unalloyed steel is unavoidable and the electrode is therefore over-alloyed to ensure that the weld will remain stainless. For this reason, 314-3 N can also be used for welding unalloyed steel to stainless steel. This combination should preferably be avoided, but providing an over-alloyed electrode is used the weld will remain stainless. 314-3 N provides a weld with good mechanical properties and high crack-resistance. It is suitable for all welding positions and can be used with AC or DC positive polarity. The electrode may also be used for building up a stainless steel surface on ordinary steel. The same rules as for 188-31 N apply with regard to cleaning up the weld. Best result is obtained using Unitor Pickling Gel to remove discolouration and oxides after welding. Stainless steel overlay on ordinary steel. Welding mild steel to stainless steel. Stainless steel pipe Mild steel Procedure to be followed when welding compound steel. 1. Mild steel electrode LH-314 N 2. Mild steel electrode 3. Mild steel electrode 4. 2314-322 N 5. 2314-322 N 1 2 3 4 5 Unalloyed steel Stainless steel SFAAWS A5.4 EN 1600 E 09-17 E 9 3 N L R 3 DNV GL LR BV ABS SS Fe 446 – 09 E 09 U 3.01 180 Electrode for Duplex Steel Identification: Classifications Approvals Type of current Welding positions Materials to be welded All weld metal composition Typical mech. properties of weld metal Packaging data Welding data AC DC+ PA PB PC PF PE, PD Duplex – stainless steel EN 10088-11- xCrNiMoN 53 x3CrNiMoN 7 5 xCrNiN 3 4 W. Nr. 1.446 1.4417 1.4460 1.436 AFNOR Z CN ,5 á l’N ASTMACI 05 SIS S 377 UNS S 31803 S 31500 S 3100 S 3304 Can also be used for welding dissimilar materials: Unalloyed and low alloyed steels to Duplex stainless steel. Stainless steel to Duplex steels. Imprint Unitor DUPLEx-35 N 09-17 Diameter Length Electrodes Net weight Product No. Boxes mm. mm. per box per box per box per carton .5 300 91 1.7 095-699454 6 3. 350 55 .0 095-69946 6 Re-drying temperature: 350 °C 66 °F for two hours. Diameter Current Arc time Deposition rate Electrodes per Fume class mm. range, A electrode, sec. Kgh kg weld metal Danish Std. .5 50–90 38 1.0 91 4 3. 80–10 55 1.4 47 5 MSDS available on request. 90 of max. amperage Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Impact value MPa MPa ISO-V J 80 660 5 At +0°C = 50 C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo FN max. 0.030 0.50 - 1.0 0.50 - 0.90 1.5 - 3.0 8.5 - 10.5 .7 - 3.3 5 - 40 LMA Electrode 3.01 181 Unitor DUPLEx-35 N is a rutile basic type electrode for welding of Duplex stainless steel used in tanks, cargo loading pipes, heating coils and lad- ders. Duplex stainless steel consists of two phases; austenite and ferrite, both about 50. The combination of these two in one structure, results in a very high yield and tensile strength as well as an excellent protection against chloride-induced stress, corrosion and pitting. DUPLEx-35 N can also be used for joining Duplex steel to mild steel, Duplex to stainless and stainless to mild steel. It has high resistance to general cor- rosion and pitting corrosion. Applic- able up to service temperatures of 50°C. Use a short arc. A long arc will increase arc tension, resulting in lower current output and poor fusion. Name 1. Hull. 2. Hull Section weld. 3. Stiffeners to hull. 4. Stiffeners to bulkhead panel. 5. Tanktop. 6a. Bulkhead panel. Section weld. b. Bulkhead to cor- rugated bulkhead panel. 7. Bulkhead panel to tanktop + corrugated bulkhead panel to tanktop. 8. Tanktop. Material Mild steel. Mild steel. Mild steel. Mild to Duplex. Stainless steel. Duplex stainless steel. Duplex stainless steel. Duplex stainless steel. Duplex stainless steel. Duplex stainless to mild steel. Best result is obtained using Unitor Pickling Gel to remove discolouration and oxides after welding. 3.01 18 Packaging type Product consistency and colour White HD-polyethylene plastic White gel container approval according to UN- recommendation Pickling Gel for Stainless Steel Identification: Classifications Shelf life Storage Application data Chemical composition Vol. Packaging data Protective clothing 13 months when stored in unopened original containers at 0°C. Container should be stored indoors at 0°C. They should be kept in an upright position with the lids tightly closed. The storage area should be clearly defined and beyond the access of unauthorised persons. Pickling chemicals are sensitive to high temperatures. Caution: Storage temperatures higher than 45°C must be avoided since they accelerate the ageing process and destroy the product. Pickling chemicals give best result when they are fresh. Stir the gel to a smooth consistency. Spread a thick layer on to the work surface using the brush supplied. Allow the gel to remain for 50-90 minutes. Rinse off the reminding gel using fresh water. The waste water, after rinsing, contains acids and heavy metals, and must hence be treated according to local wastewater requirements before discharge. This can be done with neutralising agent or slaked lime. The waste water treatment should adjust the pH value of the clear water, pH 6,5-10, and precipitate heavy metals into a sludge which should be sent for waste disposal. Recommended temperature limits for application: 10°C - 40°C. NB. Do not pickle in direct sunlight. Users should wear rubber boots, protective gloves, rubber apron and face visor. MSDS available on request. pH: 0 Flamable: No Do not contain chloride containing agents such as hydrochloric acid HCL ASTM A-380 A1 BS CP-312 Hydrofluoric acid Nitric Acid Binder HF HNO 3 0,5–5 8–0 Rest Container Net Weight Product No. Containers Content per container per container per carton litre ,5 kg 095-661778 4 including 4 brushes 3.01 183 During welding of stainless steel the weld and the adjacent area to the weld will become exposed to the air at elevated temperature. The result will be oxidation ranging from light tinting to a blue and black scale. A corresponding chromium depletion in the metal below the oxide also occurs. If this is not removed, corro- sion will be the result. Unitor Pickling Gel is used to remove this oxides and the underlying chromium depleted layer. It also removes surface micro slag particles and other contaminates which may cause local corrosion. Pickling restores completely the materials corrosion resistance. Application Pickling products are hazardous substanc- es that must be handled with care. The pickling area should be ventilated. Users should wear protective gloves and face visor. Ref.: Material Safety Data Sheet. 1. Pretreat oxides; slag and weld defects mechanically, preferably when the welds are still warm and the weld oxides less hard. . Give the area to be pickled time to cool down to below 40°C after welding. 3. Organic contaminants such as grease, oil and paint have to be removed. 4. Stir the gel to a smooth consistency and spread a thick layer on to the work piece using the brush supplied. 5. The work piece should be cold when the gel is applied, although the air tem- perature must not be below + 5°C 41°F. Do not pickle in direct sunlight. 6. The gel should be allowed to remain for at least 50 minutes. For Mo-alloyed steels this time should be extended. If necessary the gel may be allowed to remain on the work piece over night as there is no risk for corrosion. 7. After appropriate time, rinse off the reminding gel using fresh water. If nec- essary brush the weld with a stainless steel wire brush. 8. Pickling residuals and rinse water should be neutralised to pH-7 i.e. with Neutralising Agent, and then rinsed with water. For the deposit of heavy metals, local water pollution control regulations should be consulted 9. The bottles must be stored in an upright position with the lid tightly closed. Storing temperature 0°C. Storage temperature higher than 45°C must be avoided since this accelerate the age- ing process. Stir the gel before use Apply with the brush Leave the paste to work Remove with water Discolorationoxidation of surface Weld Chromium depletion 3.01 184 Nickel Iron Electrode for Cast Iron Classifications Approvals Type of current Welding positions Materials to be welded All weld metal composition Typical mech. properties of weld metal Packaging data Welding data AC DC+- PA PB PC PF PG PE, PD For welding and repair DIN 1691 DIN 1692 DIN 1693 G G 10 GTS-35-10 G GG-40 G G 15 GTS-45-06 G GG-50 G G 0 GTS-55-4 G GG-60 G G 5 GTW-35-04 G G 30 GTW-40-05 G G 35 GTW-45-07 GTW-S 38-1 Imprint Unitor NIFE-334 N NiFe-C1 SFAAWS A5.15 EN-ISO 1071 E NiFe-CL-A E NiFe-CL-A1 Diameter Length Electrodes Net weight Product No. Boxes mm. mm. per box per box per box per carton 3. 350 68 . 096-69951 6 4.0 350 51 .4 096-69950 6 Re-drying temperature: 00 °C 39 °F for two hours. Diameter Current Arc time Deposition rate Electrodes per Fume class mm. range, A electrode, sec. Kgh kg weld metal Danish Std. 3. 75–100 90 0.9 45 4.0 85–160 70 1.8 30 3 MSDS available on request. 90 of max. amperage Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Hardness MPa MPa HB 375 300 1 180 Ni Fe C 47.0 - 56.0 4.0 - 48.0 1.4 - .0 N.A . 3.01 185 The Unitor NIFE-334 N electrode has been specially developed for cold welding of different types of cast iron especially nodular cast iron, mal- leable cast iron and grey cast iron. The cold welding process is normally used on large, complicated cast iron parts where the use of heat would involve considerable risk of trans- verse fractures. In the cold welding process, the heat transfer to the base material is kept to a minimum by welding only very short beads –3 cm at a time, the bead being peened and allowed to cool before welding the next bead. Smaller parts may be hot welded i.e. preheated to approx. 500°C and continuously welded. The weld metal is easily machineable. Prepare the damage area in the fol- lowing manner: – Use crack detector to find the end of the crack fracture. – Drill a hole at the end of the crack, using a 3 mm drill, to prevent fur- ther fracturing during welding. The same welding procedure applies as for Nickel-333 N. When welding oily cast iron, Unitor electrode CH--38 should be used to prepare the grooves. This is a special electrode for gouging without the use of oxygen. As well as forming a suitable welding groove, this process also burns out the oil contained in the carbon flakes, which are present in all types of cast iron. If the oil is not burnt off, it will have a tendency to surface during welding and form pores in the deposit. After gouging with Unitor CH-2. The oily deposits in the welding area have evaporated. Large complicated parts should be cold welded. Smaller parts, free to expand, may be hot welded. NB: Allow to cool off slowly. A crack in cast iron. The carbon flakes in the metal are saturated with oil. 3.01 186 Nickel Electrode for Cast Iron Identification: Classifications Approvals Type of current Welding positions Materials to be welded All weld metal composition Typical mech. properties of weld metal Packaging data Welding data AC DC+- PA PB PC PF PG PE, PD For welding and repair DIN 1691 DIN 1692 DIN 1693 G G 10 GTS-35-10 G GG-40 G G 15 GTS-45-06 G GG-50 G G 0 GTS-55-4 G GG-60 G G 5 GTW-35-04 G G 30 GTW-40-05 G G 35 GTW-45-07 GTW-S 38-1 N.A. Imprint Unitor NICKEL-333 N Ni-C1 SFAAWS A5.15 EN-ISO 1071 E Ni-CL E Ni-CL3 Diameter Length Electrodes Net weight Product No. Boxes mm. mm. per box per box per box per carton .5 300 11 .0 096-699496 6 3. 350 68 . 096-699504 6 Re-drying temperature: 80 °C 176 °F for two hours. Diameter Current Arc time Deposition rate Electrodes per Fume class mm. range, A electrode, sec. Kgh kg weld metal Danish Std. .5 55–110 50 0.8 90 3. 80–140 65 1. 45 MSDS available on request. 90 of max. amperage Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Hardness MPa MPa HB 300 100 1 150 Ni Fe C 9.0 - 95.0 3.0 - 5.0 0.8 - 1.6 3.01 187 Unitor NICKEL-333 N is a special electrode for cold welding of oily cast iron. Prepare the damaged area in the fol- lowing manner: Use a crack detector to determine the actual length of the crack or fracture. Drill a hole at the end of the crack, using a 3 mm drill, to prevent further fracturing during welding. AC or DC negative or positive polarity may be used. Use a fairly short arc. Hold the electrode almost at a right angle to the work and weld in short beads of –3 cm at a time. When a bead is completed, it must be peened to counteract shrinkage. Start from the crater and work backwards to the starting point. Allow the weld to cool before continu- ing. A general rule is that the welding area should be hand warm before welding the next bead of –3 cm cold welding. When repairing a crack which has not split the workpiece into two separate parts, always weld from the outer ends of the crack and inwards. The thickness of the material is the deciding factor in choosing between NICKEL-333 N or NIFE-334 N. NICKEL- 333 N is for use on thinner materials, or as a first bead on oily cast iron, to be followed by beads welded with NIFE-334 N. NIFE-334 N is used for multibead welding on heavy gauge materials. Start welding at the end of the crack and work inwards. Weld in short beads. Drill a 3 mm hole at the end of the crack. After welding, the bead’s tendency to shrink can cause cracking. Peening the bead counteracts the shrinkage forces. 2–3 cm 3.01 188 Electrode for Copper Alloys Identification: Classifications Approvals Type of current Welding positions Materials to be welded All weld metal composition Typical mech. properties of weld metal Packaging data Welding data DC+ PA PB PC PF PE, PD Copper and copper alloys i.e.: Brass Bronze Tin-Bronze Leaded Gun-metal Steel Castiron Seawater resistant deposit N.A. Imprint Unitor TINBRO-341 AWS A5.6 DIN 8555 ~ E Cu SnC E 30-UM-150-C Diameter Length Electrodes Net weight Product No. Boxes mm. mm. per box per box per box per carton 3. 350 4 1.4 096-606458 6 Re-drying temperature: 00 °C 39 °F for one hour. Diameter Current Arc time Deposition rate Electrodes per Fume class mm. range, A electrode, sec. Kgh kg weld metal Danish Std. 3. 70–90 63 1.33 43 6 MSDS available on request. Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Hardness Recovery MPa MPa HB 350–400 0-60 15–5 100–150 103 Cu Sn Mn Rest 7.5–9.5 1 3.01 189 Unitor TINBRO-341 is a tin-bronze elec- trode for DC welding, positive polarity. Areas of application include joining of brass and tin-bronze as well as join- ing these to steel and cast iron. Clean the welding area thoroughly to remove any oily deposits, oxidation, etc. Machine or grind off fatigued material. When making joints, a 3 mm gap should be used. When material thickness is more that 4 mm, make an 80° welding groove with V or x profile. It is recommended that larger copper alloy parts should be pre-heated to 300–500°C. This will facilitate welding, and welding current can be reduced. Use a short arc and hold the elec- trode almost at right angles to the work. On parts requiring thin surfac- ing, weave the electrode from side to side, covering an area of up to three times the electrode diameter. Parts not be overheated, or where minimum fusion with the base mate- rial is required, welding should be carried out at 80–110 Amps. The electrodes must be stored in a dry place and must be handled care- fully to avoid damage of the coating. TINBRO-341 is not recommended for welding Yorcalbro aluminium-brass or Cunifer copper-nickel, cupro-nick- el. For welding these materials, the following processes should be used: Yorcalbro For dimensions up to approx. 4, braze with AG-60 and Albro Flux 63 PF. For larger dimensions, use TIG welding with Ialbro 37 MF. Cunifer Small parts should be brazed with AG- 60 and AG-6045 Flux-5 PF. Larger dimensions should be TIG welded with Icuni 30 39. 3.01 190 Electrode for Copper Alloys Identification: Classifications Approvals Type of current Welding positions Materials to be welded All weld metal composition Typical mech. properties of weld metal Packaging data Welding data AC DC+ PA PB PC PF PE, PD Copper and copper alloys i.e.: Bronze Aluminium bronze Steel Cast iron Seawater resistant deposit N.A. Imprint Unitor ALBRONZE-344 AWS A5.6 DIN 8555 ~ E Cu Al A E 31-UM-150-C Diameter Length Electrodes Net weight Product No. Boxes mm. mm. per box per box per box per carton 3. 350 46 1.3 096-606457 6 Re-drying temperature: 50 °C 48 °F for one hour. Diameter Current Arc time Deposition rate Electrodes per Fume class mm. range, A electrode, sec. Kgh kg weld metal Danish Std. 3. 80–160 81 0.9 48 6 MSDS available on request. Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Hardness Recovery MPa MPa HB 550 350 10 140–170 103 Cu Al Mn Fe Rest 7 1. .8 3.01 191 Unitor ALBRONZE-344 is a bronze electrode made specially for joining and cladding of bronze alloys as well as for joining these metals to steel and cast iron. It is also used for weld- ing gliding surface overlays on steel. The welded deposit has high strength properties and good resistance against cavitational wear and corro- sion in seawater. The deposit has low coefficient of friction and excellent weldability. Applications include ships’ propel- lers, pumps, pump parts, bearing shells, condensers, valves and turbine blades. Clean the welding area thoroughly and remove all oxidation. Machine or grind off fatigued metal. Make a suitable welding groove using a 60–90° angle. The groove can be formed by grinding. Pre-heating is normally not required but it may be necessary to pre-heat large workpieces up to 150°C. The temperature must not exceed 00°C during welding. When surfacing steel parts, AC or DC positive polarity may be used. The pre-heating requirement will depend on the size and type of the base material. Use a short arc. Hold the electrode almost at right angles to the work- piece and use a weaving movement. The length of each stroke should not exceed three times the electrode dia- meter. Remove the slag from the bead with chipping hammer and wire brush before starting on the next bead. Cast cupro-aluminium parts and similar materials must be annealed after welding by heating the welding area to 650°C. The workpiece must then be allowed to cool down slowly to below 500°C to ensure that the metal does not lose any of its properties. Unitor ALBRONZE-344 is not recom- mended for welding Yorcalbro and Cunifer pipes. 3.01 19 Electrode for Aluminium Identification: Classifications Approvals Type of current Welding positions Materials to be welded All weld metal composition Typical mech. properties of weld metal Packaging data Welding data DC+ PA PB PC PF For welding forged and cast aluminium alloy containing more than 7 Si as main alloying element. G-Al Si 5 Mg 3.341 G-Al Si 10 Mg 3.381 G-Al Si 10 Mg Cu 3.381 G-Al Si 1 3.581 G-Al Si 1 Cu 3.583 G-Al Si 11 G-Al Si 9 Mg G-Al Si 9 Cu 3 G-Al Si 7 Mg G-Al Si 6 Cu 4 Also applicable as surfacing electrode. N.A. Imprint Unitor ALUMIN-351 N EN-ISO 18273 EL-AlSi1 Diameter Length Electrodes Net weight Product No. Boxes mm. mm. per box per box per box per carton 3. 350 71 1.0 096-699538 6 This box is placed inside a vacuum metal pouch. Re-drying temperature: In vacuum packing and therefore no need for re-drying. Opened packages: 80 °C for 1 hour. Diameter Current Arc time Deposition rate Electrodes per Fume class mm. range, A electrode, sec. Kgh kg weld metal Danish Std. 3. 70–110 3 0.7 164 3 MSDS available on request. 90 of max. amperage Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Impact value MPa MPa ISO-V J 160 13 Al Si Fe 86.0 - 89.0 11.0 - 13.5 max. 0.8 3.01 193 Unitor ALUMIN-351 N is used for join- ing and building up aluminium parts with a thickness of more than mm sheets, sections, tubes, pistons, cast- ings covers, gangways, etc. When welding materials more than 3 mm thick, a 60° V-groove and an air gap of 1–3 mm should be used. Grooves and the surrounding area must be thoroughly cleaned. Thin parts should be backed up before welding. Use DC, positive polarity setting. Large parts or castings should be pre-heated to approx. 300°C. Hold the electrode almost vertically the work- piece, the tip at a slight angle to the weld direction. It is preferable to weld in the flat position. Use as short arc as possible and weld rapidly. If welding is interrupted, remove the slag and overlap the end of the bead by about 1 cm when re-striking. All slag must be cleaned off the fin- ished weld with brush and water. Aluminium electrodes absorb moisture very easily and must be stored in a dry, preferably moisture-controlled, place. When first received the electrode box is placed inside a vacuum metal pouch. Aluminium or magnesium? It may be difficult to determine wheth- er a part is aluminium or magnesium. Magnesium parts must not be welded magnesium bomb. Use the following test to determine whether a part is aluminium or magnesium: File a few shavings onto a small piece of paper. Hold the paper over a flame. If the fillings spark or seem to explode in the flame, the material is magne- sium. If there are only a few sparks here and there, and most of the fillings just glow, the material is aluminium alloyed with magnesium, and may be welded. Cover plate ears welded back on Hold the electrode almost at right angles to the workpiece, or at a slight angle to the weld direction Note: Use the shortest possible arc. Joining a cast aluminium cover. Such parts should be pre-heated to approx. 300°C if possible NB. When welding with Aluminium electrodes: Arrange suitable ventilation or use Fresh Air kit mounted in face shield. 3.01 194 Electrode for Chamfering Identification: Classifications Approvals Type of current Welding positions Materials to be chamfered All weld metal composition Typical mech. properties of weld metal Packaging data Welding data SteelCast steel Stainless steelCast stainless steel Cast iron CopperCopper alloys AluminiumAluminium alloys N.A. AC DC+- PA PB PC PE, PD PG N.A. N.A. Imprint Unitor CH--38 Diameter Length Electrodes Net weight Product No. Boxes mm. mm. per box per box per box per carton 3. 350 36 1.4 096-606459 6 Re-drying temperature: 10 °C 48 °F for one hour. Diameter Current Arc time Deposition rate Electrodes per Fume class mm. range, A electrode, sec. Kgh kg weld metal Danish Std. 3. 160–80 57 – – 7 MSDS available on request. N.A. 3.01 195 Gouging Technique 1. Hold the electrode vertically and press lightly against the workpiece. The arc will strike after a few seconds.

2. Hold the electrode at an angle of