Interpersonal Modal adjunct
in Mood or Comment Textual
Conjunctive adjunct not in mood structure
2.2.9 Ideational Meaning
Based on Derewianka 2011:13, ―one important function of language is to
enable us to represent what is going on in the world; to talk about our experience, to reflect on our observations, to share knowledge and ideas.‖ Thus, ideational
meaning is a meaning that concerns with how language functions to represent experiences, so the function of the clause is as representation. Based on But et al
1995:13, ―the ideational metafunctions uses language to encode our experience of the world and to convey a picture of reality.‖ In fact, ideational meanings are
split into experiential meanings encoding experiences, and logical meanings connecting those experiences.
According Gerot and Wignell 1994:12, ―ideational meanings are meanings about phenomena-about things living and non
– living, abstract and concrete, about goings on what the things are or do and the circumstances
surrounding these happenings and doings.‖ These meanings are realized in wordings through participants, processes and circumstances. Meanings of this
kind are most centrally influenced by the field of discourse.
2.2.10 Realization of Ideational Meanings
Ideational meanings talk about the clause of representation through the system of transitivity. According to Halliday 2014:170, ―the transitivity system
construes the world of experience into a manageable set of PROCESS TYPES. Each process type provides its own model or schema for construing a particular
domain of experience as a figure of a particular kind — a model such as the one
illustrated above for construing signification: Token usually + Process means + Value mostly‖. There are three semantics categories which will be explained in
this meaning, those are: 2.2.10.1
Circumstances According to Gerot and Wignell 1994:52-
53, ―circumstances answer such question as when, where, why, h
ow, how many and as what.‖ According to Eggins 1194:237, circumstances relies meanings about:
a Extent: tells How long? duration; How far spatial distance
b Location: tells When? Temporal; Where? spatial
c Manner: tells How? With What? means; How How –ly? quality; What ...
like? comparison d
Cause: tells Why? cause; What for reason; Who for behalf e
Accompaniment: tells With whom? f
Matter: tells What about? g
Role: tells What as? 2.2.10.2
Processes According to Gerot and Wignell 1994:54, ―processes are central to
TRANSITIVITY . Participants and circumstances are incumbent upon the doings,
happenings, feelings and beings. This suggests that there are different kinds of goings on, which necessarily involve different kinds of participants in varying
circumsta nces.‖
Halliday in Gerot and Wignell 1994:54 identified seven different Process types that can be seen in the table as follows:
Table 2.7 Types of Process Material
Doing Bodly, physically, materially
Behavioural Behaving
Physiologically,and psychologically Mental
Sensing Emotionally, intellectually, sensorily
Verbal Saying
Lingually, signaling Relational
Being Equal to, or some attribute of
Existential Existing
There exist Meteorological
Weathering
2.2.10.2.1 Material Processes
Process that do something and we can see the activity is called material process. According to Gerot and Wignell 1994:55, ―material processes are
Process of material doing. They express the notion that some entity physically does something
– which may be done to some other entity.‖ Clauses in a material process have a doing process and a doer
participant. Actor is the entity who or which does something, and Goal is the entity which may be done to. In addition, Halliday in Eggin 1997:232 stated that
―if sometimes difficult, distinction between a Goal and related participant called Range. According Gerot and Wignel 1994:55:
The youngster wiggled
his loose tooth. participant : Actor Process: Material
Participant: Goal
According to Eggins 1997:234: Marg
served the dinner.
Actor Process: Material
Range
Material process has two varieties, they are creative and dispositive. In creative type, the Goal is brought about by the Process.
Handel wrote
the Messiah. Actor
Process: Material Goal
In the dispositive type, we have doings and happenings. Kerr
dismissed Whitlam.
Actor Process: Material
Goal
2.2.10.2.2 Mental Processes
In Mental process, we can‘t see, but we can feel. According to Gerot and Wignell 1994:58, ―mental processes are one of sensing, feeling, thinking,
perceiving. There are three types: affective or reactive feeling; cognitive thinking and perceptive perceiving through the five senses.‖
That toaster doesn‘t like
me. participant : Senser
Process: Mental Participant: Phenomenon
2.2.10.2.3 Behavioural Processes
Accordi ng to Gerot and Wignell 1994:60, ―behavioural processes are
processes of physiological and psychological behaviour, like breathing, dreaming, snoring, smiling, hiccupping, looking, watching, listening, and pondering.‖
2.2.10.2.4 Verbal Processes
According to Gerot and Wignel 1994:62, ―verbal processes are processes of saying, or more accurately, of symbolically signaling. Very often
these are realized by two distinct clauses: the projecting clause encodes a signal source Sayer and a signaling verbal process and the other projected clauses
relies what was said.‖ The sign
says ‗No Smoking‘.
Sayer Verbal
Material 2.2.10.2.5
Relational Processes: Processes of Being and Having According to Gerot
and Wignell 1994:67, ―relational processes involve states of being including having. They can be classified according to
whether they are being used to identify something.‖ There are two kinds of processes in relational process; they are Identifying Processes, process which
establish an identity; and Attributive Processes, process which assign a quality. In attributive processes there are Carrier and Attribute.
She lives
in the fast lane. Behaver
Behavioural Circumstance: Location
Bary Tuckwell is
a fine horn player. Carrier
Attributive Attribute
In Identifying Processes, the Participant roles are Token and Value. Bary Tuckwell
may be the finest living horn player.
Token Identifying
Values
2.2.10.2.6 Existential Processes
According to Gerot and W ignell 1994:72, ―existential processes are
processes of existence. It expressed by verbs of existing: ‗be‘, ‗exist‘, ‗arise‘ and the Existent
can be phenomena of any kind.‖
2.2.11 Textual Meanings
Textual meaning is another type of the three metafunctions. Gerot and Wignell 1994:14 stated that ―textual meanings express the relation of language
to its environment, including both the verbal environment- what has been said or written before co-text and the non-
verbal, situational environment context.‖ Textual meanings explain how text is constructed in coherent and cohesive
structure, and it is influenced by mode.
There ‗s
a unicorn in the garden.
Existential Existent
Circumstance: Location
People communicate by conveying their thought on particular structures in clauses. The clauses give information of the speaker or writers‘ idea, so the
function of the clause is as a message. According to Halliday 2014:64, ―in English, as in many other languages, the clause is organized as a message by
having a distinct status assigned to one part of it. One part of the clause is enunciated as the theme; this then combines with the remainder so that the two
parts together constitute a message‖.
2.2.12 Realization of Textual Meaning
Textual meaning analyses the element of THEME and RHEME. According to Butt et al 1995: 91, ―to analyse and discuss textual meanings we
need a simple and distinct metalanguage: we call the first element THEME and the rest of the clause RHEME.‖
2.2.12.1 Theme
In textual meaning, we can analyze the theme that usually occurs in beginning of a clause, according to Halliday in Eggins 1994:2
75,‖the definition of Theme as given by that is the element which serves as ―the starting point for
the message: it is what the clause is going on to be about‖.
There are three types of Theme; those are Ideational Theme or Topical Theme, Textual Theme, and Interpersonal Theme. They will be briefly explained
in following below. 2.2.12.1.1
Ideational Theme or Topical Theme According to Gerot and Wignell 1994: 104, ―The ideational or
Topical Theme is usually but not always the first nominal group in the clause.... In
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