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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents review of previous studies and theoretical review, and theoretical framework. The theoretical review consists of Language, Text and
Context Connection, Context of Culture: Genre, Context of Situation: R egister, Grammar, Systemic Functional Grammar, Metafunctions, Interpersonal Meaning,
Ideational Meaning, Textual Meaning, Discourse Analysis, and Recount Text.
2.1 Previous Studies
There are many scholars who conducted some studies about metafunctions meanings. One of the studies correlated to the metafunctions meanings was
conducted by Kusumawati 2010, Meaning Realized in Written Recount Text. The objective of the study was to analyze the meaning of recount text developed
by the first grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Batang. She used three metafunctions approaches in her study; those are ideational, interpersonal, and textual meaning
in analysing the meaning of students‘ recount text. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative, since the data were in the form of words. She
collected the data by using several steps of procedures, those were taking the data students‘ writing directly from the school, choosing the best four of all, analyzed
the data using three metafunctions approach, discussing, and the last step was taking conclusion. The result of the ideational meaning showed that the most
common that mostly appeared in the text was material and relational
process.Then, the analysis of interpersonal meaning showed that the declarative moods were dominant in the text, and for the analysis of textual meaning showed
that unmarked themes were dominant in the text. The study is an example of discourse analysis which investigates the meanings
in students‘ written texts.The result of the analysis in this study could develop the students‘ writing recount text. It also can be a reference for the current study
which has the same topic of analysis in the term of three metafunctions in students‘ written text. However, the weakness of the study is in the term of
collecting the data in students‘ recount text. The researcher only took 4 texts which were the best texts
in a class. Those texts can‘t represent all texts from the whole class because the ability of each student is different.
The study of Kusumawati is similar with the current study. The process of analysis used three metafunctions, they are ideational, interpersonal, and textual
meaning realized in students‘ recount texts. The difference is in the term of the subject study. Kusumawati 2010 analyzed senior high school students in SMA 1
Batang, whereas in the current study, the researcher analyzed the texts of junior high school students in SMP 2 Kudus. Thus, the result of the study will be
different from the previous study although they have the same context. Another previous study that has conducted discourse analysis was found in
Najib 2014, Tenor, Interpersonal Meanings and Appraisal found in the Speech of Barack Obama at Nelson Mandela Memorial. The objective of the study was to
investigate how interpersonal meanings work in public speech. The study was a descriptive qualitative. His study focused on the analysis of tenor in Barack
Obama‘s speech at Nelson Mandela memorial service. The data were analyzed by using three units of analysis, Context of Situation, Grammar Analysis, and
Appraisal system. The result of the study showed that the context of situation analysis of Obama‘s speech in Nelson Mandela memorial was called as Eulogy,
because Obama delivered the speech by saying nice things toward the deceased. The result of grammar analysis showed that Barack Obama was delivering speech
in the name of himself personally, not in the name of United States. The result of appraisal analysis showed about Judgment. This study can be used for students in
creating good texts or speeches, and will im prove the students‘ speaking skill.
This study is quite complex analysis because the researcher not only took one analysis but three analysis of discourse analysis, those are tenor, interpersonal,
and appraisal. The study provided a detailed analysis in analysing the meanings of discourse analysis.
The relation of the study with the current study is in analysing interpersonal meaning. The current study can get some sources about discourse analysis in the
term of interpersonal analysis. The previous study analyzed about Barack Obama speech, it is quite different with the current study that analyzed about genre text in
students‘ written text. Another study about discourse analysis was conducted by Arunsirot 2013,
An Analysis of Textual Metafunctions in Thai EFL Students’ Writing. The
objective of the study was to investigate the English writing skill which obtained some concrete information in students‘ problem in writing English by Systemic
Functional Grammar in Thai EFL students. The researcher focused in the analysis
of textual meaning of text. The result revealed that there are five problems of the Theme in terms of Theme selections and Thematic progression patterns. The
study was expected to provide not only Thai learners with a better understanding of problem in order to develop their writing performance, but will also provide
information teachers with information of students writing performance. This previous study has similarity with the current study in the term of
analysing the students writing text, but in the current study the writer specifically investigated genre recount text. The previous study only analyzed textual meaning
in students writing text, so it can be as a reference to the current study which also analyzed three metafunctions, especially in textual meaning.
A study related to ideational meaning was conducted by Priyanka 2013, The Ideational Meaning in the U.S. Presidential Debate between Barack Obama and
Mitt Romney concerning China’s Threat. The study dealt with ideational meaning realized in a text. The object of the study was the transcript of the U.S.
presidential debate between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney concerning China‘s threat. The study was a kind of descriptive qualitative. There were three analyses
in the study; those are transitivity analysis, speech function analysis, and analysis on context of situation in relation to their influence on the debate transcript. The
result of the study shows two points of conclusion, those are the speakers, Obama and Romney, stated their own solutions coping with the issue. Obama said that he
would make investments in education and research. Meanwhile, Romney said that he would make the U.S. the most attractive place in the world to grow businesses.
Both speakers invited the audiences to accept the information concerning those solutions.
The study is a quite complex analysis because the researcher not only took one analysis but three analyses of discourse analysis, those are transitivity analysis,
speech function analysis, and analysis of context of situation. The study provided a detailed analysis in analysing the meanings of discourse analysis.
This study has similarity with the current study in analyzing the discourse analysis using metafunctions approach. In the previous study the researcher only
analyzed the ideational meanings, so it can be as a reference to the current study which analyzed three metafunctions. The previous study analyzed debate script of
Barack Obama and Romney, it is quite different with the current study that analyzed s
tudents‘ recount texts.
2.2 Theoretical Review
Kategori