Both speakers invited the audiences to accept the information concerning those solutions.
The study is a quite complex analysis because the researcher not only took one analysis but three analyses of discourse analysis, those are transitivity analysis,
speech function analysis, and analysis of context of situation. The study provided a detailed analysis in analysing the meanings of discourse analysis.
This study has similarity with the current study in analyzing the discourse analysis using metafunctions approach. In the previous study the researcher only
analyzed the ideational meanings, so it can be as a reference to the current study which analyzed three metafunctions. The previous study analyzed debate script of
Barack Obama and Romney, it is quite different with the current study that analyzed s
tudents‘ recount texts.
2.2 Theoretical Review
Before conducting the analysis, theoretical studies are needed to support and proof the validity of the analysis. It is started with the theory of grammar that consists of
traditional, formal, and functional grammar. But this study will be more focus in the term of systemic functional grammar because it explained about metafunctions
and then followed by text and context, interpersonal meaning, ideational meaning, textual meaning, and recount text.
2.2.1 Language, Text and Context Connection
People communicate with other by using language. According to Halliday 1985:4, ―language is understood in its relationship to social structure. When we
consider what realities these are that lie above and beyond language, which language serves to express, there are many directions in which we can move
outside language in order to explain what language means.‖ Language is used by people to communicate in order to deliver and explain what meanings they want
to say. People use language through text. Language lies in the study of texts in
order to convey meanings, based on Halliday 1985:10, ―the text as meaning that the important thing about nature of a text is that, although when we write it down
it looks as though it is made of words and sentences, it is really made of meanings.‖ Halliday also stated that a text as a social exchange of meanings,
because texts relate to language of people‘s communication whose purpose is to exchange meaning. According to Halliday in Butt et al 1995:11:
A text is a piece of language in use; that is, language that is functional. A text length is not important and it can be either spoken or written. What is
important is that a text is harmonious collection of meaning appropriate to its context. This unity of purpose gives a text both texture and structure.
Texture comes from the way the meanings in the text fit coherently with each other. Structures refer to the way that pieces of language in use will
contain certain obligatory structural elements appropriate to their purpose and context.
A text conveys meanings in the form of spoken and written language. Written language is a form of language to convey meaning in written text; it can
be printed or handwritten, such as email, letter, advertisement, etc. But, according to Gerot and Wignell 1994:158, ―the term ‗written language‘ does not only refer
to language which is written down.‖ For example, if someone reads an academic paper aloud, the features of the language are more like those written language than
spoken language. Meanwhile spoken language is a form of language to convey meaning through verbal communication. But, according to Gerot and Wignell
1994:158, ―the term ‗spoken language‘ does not ―only refer to language, which is said aloud.‖
We can conclude that text is grammatical units that can be spoken and written form to convey meaning of language. We can find context in the text,
because in one text always occurs two context; they are context of culture genre and context of situation register
. According to Halliday 1985:5, ―the term, context and text, put together like this, serve as a reminder that these are aspect of
the same process. There is text and there is other text that accompanies it: text that is ‗with‘, namely the con-text.‖
2.2.2 Context of Culture : Genre
