Realization of Textual Meaning

the unmarked case the Topical Theme is also Subject. A Topical Theme which is not the Subject is called a Marked Topical Theme.‖ For example: Unmarked Topical Theme Marked Topical Theme Up the hill Jack and Jill went. Theme Rheme 2.2.12.1.2 Textual Theme There are two types of textual theme; those are Continuity Adjunct and Conjunctive Adjunct. According to Gerot and Wignell 1994:105, ―textual themes relate the clause to its context. They can be Continuatives andor Conjun ctive Adjuncts and Conjunctions.‖ According to Eggins 1994: 281: a Continuity Adjuncts are words which are used in spoken dialogue to indicate that the speaker‘s contribution is somehow related to continuous with what a previous speaker has said in earlier turn, such as oh, well, yea, and no. Right, what we need to do today is revise for our test. Cont. Topical Rheme Theme Jack went up the hill. Theme Rheme b Conjunctive Adjuncts are elements which serve to link clause or sentences together. So they could actually do it through the umbilical artery or whatever. Conjunctive Topical Rheme Theme 2.2.12.1.3 Interpersonal Theme According to Eggins 1994:278, ―a constituent to which we would assign a Mood label but not a Transitivity label occurs at the beginning of a clause, we call it interpe rsonal Theme.‖ The constituents of interpersonal themes are: a Finite unfused as Interpersonal Theme Do you give blood? Interpersonal Topical Rheme Theme b Vocative Adjuncts c Polarity Adjunct Yes or no act interpersonally they are analysed as Interpersonal Themes. d Comment Adjuncts Simon, isn‘t that where they put the needle in? Interpersonal Topical Rheme Theme Fortunately, the bomb didn‘t explode. Interpersonal Topical Rheme Theme 2.2.12.2 Rheme Everything that is not the Theme is the Rheme. It explains new information of a clause. According to Eggins 1994:275, ―the definition of Rheme is that it is the part of the clause in which the Theme is developed. Since we typically depart from the familiar to head towards the unfamiliar, the Rheme typically conta ins unfamiliar, or ―new‖, information.‖

2.2.13 Discourse Analysis

Language is used in texts and contexts, and the study is called as discourse analysis. According to McCarthy 1991:5, ―discourse analysis is concerned with the study of the relationship between language and the contexts in which it is used.‖ Discourse analysis is a study language either spoken or written language. It is stated in McCarthy 1991:12 ―discourse analysis is not only concerned with the description and analysis of spoken interaction. In addition to all our verbal encounters we daily consume hundreds of written and printed words: newspaper articles, letters, stories, recipes, instruction, notices, comics, billboards, leaflets pushed through the door, and so on.‖ Based on Harris 1952 in Hidayat 2014:29, ―the term discourse analysis was first introduced by as a way of analysing connected speech and writing.‖ He furthermore states that discourse not only share particular meanings, but also has characteristic linguistic features associated with them. In short, based on Harris 1952 as quoted by Paltridge 2006 in Hidayat 2014: 29, ―discourse analysis can be drawn as a way of analysis both spoken and written text.‖ It can be concluded that discourse analysis refers to the piece of communication in context either spoken or written text. The discourse can be seen as a process which produces texts either spoken or written to build asset of certain meaning.

2.2.14 Recount Text

Recount text is one genre text-types. Recount text is a text that retells past experience. According to Andersons 1997:48, ―a recount text is a piece of text that retells past events, usually in the order in which they happened. The purpose of a recount text is to give the audience a description of what occurred and when it occurred.‖ According to Gerot and Wignel 1994:208, ―the social function of recount is to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining.‖ The generic structure that has to be considered by the students in writing the recount text is: 1 Orientation Provides the setting and introduces participants 2 Events Tell what happened, in what sequence 3 Re-orientation Optional-closure of events According to Gerot and Wignel 1994:208, significant lexico grammatical features of recount text are: