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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter is divided into six parts. The parts are the research background, problem formulation, problem limitation, research objectives,
research benefits, and definition of terms.
A. Research Background
People use language to communicate and context is considered important in interpreting the language. People use language to convey meaning of their
thought or opinion within a context. Therefore, it is important to study “how people use language within a context and why they use language in particular
ways.” McManis, et al., 1987: 197 One way to express our opinions is through writing. To be good in writing
one needs to master the ability to choose diction as stated by Memering and O’Hare 1982: 320 that “Searching for the right word, the one that is most
specific for your meaning, is one mark of a skilled writer.” It can be said that a writer can be good in conveying his opinion in a particular topic if he can also
choose the right words to use. Thus, the choice of the right words within a particular topic will also indicate whether a writer of newspapers is good in
composing within a particular context or not. In communication, there is a message being expressed and there are at
least two parties involved. In oral communication, the speaker expresses his PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2 message to the listeners, while in written communication, the writer expresses his
message to the readers. As the message sender, the speaker or the writer expresses his message with a particular meaning that has to be received by the listeners or
the readers. In reality, sometimes, the listeners or the readers do not get the precise meaning of the message as the speaker or the writer meant to give. Generally, it
can happen naturally in both oral and written communications. The difference of those both modes of communication is the capacity of
the message sender to meet the message receiver directly or not. In oral communication, the listeners can meet the speaker right away so that any unclear
messages can be known and clarified right after being uttered. So, if the speaker knows that his message is not understood well by the listeners, he can directly
recreate clearer or more understandable sentences until his listeners get the exact meaning of his message. Otherwise, the listeners can also ask the speaker directly
about some unclear sentences. In written communication, the readers will not have a chance to ask the
writer of newspapers directly or face to face about unclear words or sentences. In the process of expressing his message, a writer of newspapers has a full
authorization until it becomes a final composition. Then, the process of message receiving happens when anyone reads it. The process of writing and reading
happens at different time and places. Thus, the writer of newspapers seldom knows whether his readers understand his message or not. In addition, the readers
are also hard to have any chance to meet and ask the writer of newspapers about any unclear sentences unlike direct or oral communication.
3 Any writer of newspapers who is aware of the limitation of his readers to
meet him will be more careful in creating sentences so that readers can understand his message easily and correctly. A writer of newspapers realizes that his writing
can be read by anyone with any intellectual background so the choice of words should be a priority for a writer of newspapers. Northern Star newspaper in its
article entitled News Writing Tips states that one of the ten guidelines to clearer writing is to choose the precise use of word
www.star.niu.eduninahighschoolwrite. To choose the precise use of words for a composition, a writer of newspapers starts with a context, as stated by Northern
Star that in the first five paragraphs, articles in newspapers should be started with context. Before writing anything, a writer of newspapers articles should know his
point that leads the whole text. Context is one of common problems in leads that involves the reader, showed clear, immediate significance.”
www.star.niu.eduninahighschoolwrite.html A context helps the writer of newspapers to create a topic for his
composition. Then, this topic will guide the writer of newspapers to choose the suitable words in order to make a comprehensive composition. Later, this
composition must also suit with the message that the writer of newspapers wants to express. The importance of having precise use of words in a composition can
indicate whether that composition is comprehensive or not. Moreover, the right words can also help the reader understand the message of the writer of newspapers
in the correct meaning as intended by him. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
4 Before discussing the important points of the precise use of words in a
composition, it is useful to consider the study on nouns. The study focuses on the significance of a noun as one of the parts of speech in relation with their role in a
sentence. Thus, this study discusses especially on the importance of the precise use of nouns in a composition within a certain topic. Furthermore, the researcher
also considered particular types of nouns, composition, and topic. There are varieties of classification and categories of words into parts of
speech. In particular, this study will begin with nouns as one of the parts of speech in English sentences. Even in both English simple and complex sentences, noun is
considered to be one of the important parts of speech. Frank 1972: 6 states that “The noun is one of the most important parts of speech. In addition, it may
function as the chief or “head” word in many structures of modification.” It is already stated that noun is important because its presence can create major role in
sentence structures. Memering and O’Hare 1982: 320 also state that “Nouns can powerfully influence your writing.”, so nouns can also function as an essential
indicator for a good writing. Thus, it is necessary to carry out a study on the use of noun in a writing.
However, the nouns to analyze need to be classified in order to limit the focus of the study. According to nouns classification by Curme 1947: 11-12, there are
two main categories of nouns, common and compound nouns. In addition, these types are likely to be widely used and have a large amount of examples or diction
lists that can be found in the studied texts. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
5 In short, this study aims to help English learners to give detailed
interpretation on how an Indonesian writer and a non-Indonesian writer having precise use of nouns in their opinion articles within a similar particular context.
B. Problem Formulation
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