Research Method Research Sources of Data Research Instruments

26

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher presents the research methodology to answer the problems formulated in Chapter 1. This chapter discusses six sections. They are the research method, research sources of data, research instruments, data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.

A. Research Method

This study is classified as a document analysis and was conducted by using qualitative approach. According to Fraenkel and Wallen 1993: 380, document analysis is carried out to obtain an in-depth look at a particular set of materials. In this study, the document analysis was conducted by analysing the data taken from the opinion articles of a newspaper. Meanwhile, Fraenkel and Wallen 1993: 380-381 state that in qualitative research, there is preference for holistic description of complex phenomena and unwillingness to interfere with naturally occurring phenomena. The descriptive data are not manipulated and the process of obtaining and observing the data are the product of the research. Therefore, in this study, the data analysis was obtained by conducting deep observation on the opinion articles to gain the deep description or interpretation of the whole natural findings from the process to the result of the analysis. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 27 Otherwise, descriptive statistical data were only used for the data presentation. In this study, the statistic data were the frequency of the nouns and presented in the data presentation. This frequency was being described into descriptive data in the data analysis.

B. Research Sources of Data

The sources of data were the two opinion articles about Global Warming written in The Jakarta Post’s opinion column. The data were the selected nouns taken from those two opinion articles. The selection of the research sources of data were based on the topic, writer’s nationality, and publication date.

C. Research Instruments

According to Moleong 2006: 9, in qualitative research, the researcher is considered to be the main instrument to analyze to data. The researcher as an instrument is expected to have more capabilities to understand the correlation of her data with its influence in the reality. Furthermore, in qualitative research the process of analyzing the data is more important than the result Moleong, 2006: 11. It means that the researcher will understand clearer the correlation of elements in the research during the process of analyzing the data rather than only from the result. As also suggested by Wiersma 1995: 218, qualitative research is “researcher-dependent” and the researcher is the instrument for the data collection. It means that during all the process of data collection, the researcher PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 28 makes decisions about what data to collect, whom to interview, and so on. In other words, the researcher’s perspectives are influential for the whole data interpretation. The researcher as an instrument involved in the process of collecting the data by conducting the selection of the nouns from the two opinion articles. The list of all selected nouns of each opinion column was first being checked of its occurrence in McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. All the checked nouns were calculated of its frequency in each opinion article and contrasted with the frequency in the Collins-Cobuild English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. Moreover, there were instruments to analyze the data. They were two types of tables used in the data presentation. The first type of table presented the frequency of the selected nouns, while the second type of table presented the types, forms, and markers of the selected nouns. In the table of frequency, there were three categories of frequency. They were Low 1-2 appearance, Medium 3- 4 appearance, and High Frequency ≥5 appearance.

D. Data Gathering Technique