28 makes decisions about what data to collect, whom to interview, and so on. In
other words, the researcher’s perspectives are influential for the whole data interpretation.
The researcher as an instrument involved in the process of collecting the data by conducting the selection of the nouns from the two opinion articles. The
list of all selected nouns of each opinion column was first being checked of its occurrence in McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. All the
checked nouns were calculated of its frequency in each opinion article and contrasted with the frequency in the Collins-Cobuild English Dictionary for
Advanced Learners. Moreover, there were instruments to analyze the data. They were two
types of tables used in the data presentation. The first type of table presented the frequency of the selected nouns, while the second type of table presented the
types, forms, and markers of the selected nouns. In the table of frequency, there were three categories of frequency. They were Low 1-2 appearance, Medium 3-
4 appearance, and High Frequency ≥5 appearance.
D. Data Gathering Technique
The data used in this study were the selected nouns taken from the two opinion articles. As derived from Wiersma 1995: 215, this study was conducted
by using the document collection technique to gather the data. In this study, this technique was conducted through five main steps. They were conducting library
research on opinion column of the newspaper, collecting the opinion articles, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
29 analysing the opinion articles, collecting the proper sources of data in from the
library, and collecting the selected nouns.
E. Data Analysis Technique
The gathered data were the selected nouns. These selected nouns were presented in two types of tables. These two types of tables were derived from
Frank’s theories on nouns classification which consist of nouns types, nouns forms, and nouns markers.
Table 3.1 was used to calculate the frequency of nouns in the opinion articles and in the dictionary. Meanwhile, Table 3.2 was used to present the type,
form, and marker of nouns.
Table 3.1 Table of Noun Frequency
No. Word Frequency in
Dictionary
Table 3.2 Table of Noun Type, Form, and Marker
No. Word Type Form
Marker
Then, the researcher conducted the next step of the data analysis which was elaborating a detailed description on every writer characteristic in developing
an opinion article. As suggested by Fraenkel and Wallen 1993: 383 that PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
30 analyzing the data essentially involves synthesizing the information that the
researcher obtains from the document analysis into a coherent description of what has observed or discovered.
In this study, there were two opinion articles written by two different writers. For each article, the frequency of a noun in the opinion articles was
compared with the frequency in the dictionary. The type, form, and marker of this noun were classified based on the theories of nouns by Frank 1972 and Curme
1947. Then, the analysis of noun frequency, type, form, and marker in every
opinion article was compared each other. The result of the analysis was the result of the comparison of noun frequency, type, form, and marker between those two
opinion articles. For example, the noun ‘global warming’ was used by both Indonesian and
non-Indonesian writers. The Indonesian writer used this noun in low frequency while the non-Indonesian writer used in medium frequency. To be compared in
the dictionary, this noun was having low frequency band that meant this noun was not considered as a familiarly used noun. By this frequency comparison, it meant
that the non-Indonesian writer considered ‘global warming’ to be more frequently written in his opinion article than the Indonesian writer did although it is included
as an unfamiliarly used noun in the dictionary. Thus, the researcher can imply ‘global warming’ as the important noun, the noun that was used in the opinion
article but had low frequency band in the dictionary. Then, the type, form, and marker of this noun were classified. Later on, the analysis on this noun could be
31 compiled with the analysis on the other nouns to be elaborated into detailed
information. Overall, the result of classification, calculation, comparison, and
determination of nouns, then, was elaborated in a systematic explanation on the nouns classification which consisted of nouns types, forms, and markers used by
the Indonesian and non-Indonesian writers.
F. Research Procedure
