data using seven types of morphophonemic processes. They are assimilation, vowel change and consonant change, deletion, dissimilation, metathesis, schwa
epenthesis, and stress shift. The other thing that makes those two theses and this study different is the phonological rules. The writer will apply the phonological
rules in the explanation of the second question.
B. Review of Related Theories
In this part of the chapter, the writer explains about the theories which are used to support the analysis of this study. They are theory of morpheme, theory of
root and stem, theory of allomorph, theory of morphophonemic process, theory of notation rules, and review of suffix -ion.
1. Theory of Morpheme
Andrew Spencer explained about morpheme based on Bloomfield’s explanation. The explanation of Spencer is as follows:
In the tradition of American structuralist linguistics established by Bloomfield 1993, a morpheme is generally defined as the ‘minimal meaningful element’.
The fact that one and the same entity can be both a morpheme and a word or, equivalently, that some words consist of just one morpheme, i.e. are
monomorphemic shouldn’t worry us. However, it is useful to distinguish those morphemes which are also words in their own right from those which
only appear as a proper subpart of a word. The former are called free morphemes and the latter bound morphemes. Spencer, 2003:5
Spencer’s theory above explains about morpheme. Based on the theory, morpheme is a minimal meaningful element. There are two kinds of morphemes.
They are free and bound morpheme. A free morpheme is a morpheme that can be a word by itself. For examples man, woman, home and so on. A bound morpheme
is a morpheme that must be attached with another element like boy + -s can be
boys. The other example is the word haunter; haunt is a free morpheme because it can be used as a word on its own and affix –er is a bound morpheme because it
combined with the verb haunt.
2. Theory of Root and Stem
In morpheme, there are two types of morpheme, namely: free and bound morpheme. They have an important part called root and stem. Andrew Spencer
explained about root and stem as follows: The word disagreements we can dissect a basic morpheme agree and three
bound morphemes, dis-, -ment, and –s. we call agree the root and the other bound morphemes affixes. The morphemes –ment and –s, which come to the
right of the root, are suffixes, while dis- which comes to the left is a prefix. In the word disagreements we call the form disagreement the stem. Spencer,
2003:5
It means root is a morpheme which is not attached by affixes but stem is a morpheme which is attached by affixes or we can say bound morpheme. For
example, the word disagreements, the root is a verb agree. The morphemes –ment and –s which attach to the right of the root are suffixes, while dis- is a prefix
because it comes to the left of the root. So, the form of the word is disagreements.
3. Theory of Allomorph
