Types of verb forms attached by suffix –ion

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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter contains the data and the analysis to answer two questions which are formulated in chapter 1. The first question discussed the types of the verb forms which can be nominalized by suffix –ion and the process of nominalization. The second question is the morphophonemic processes that occur in the nominalization of suffix –ion. All the words which are attached to the suffix –ion will become a noun. The type of the words that can be attached to suffix –ion has function as a verb. After observing the words which are attached by suffix –ion in Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary 7 th edition 2005 , the writer only found 80 words because some of the alphabets did not have the data. The writer also found the types of verb forms. The first part of this chapter is focused to answer the first question concerning the types of the verb forms as the part of nominalization process. The following is the analysis of the nominalization process.

A. Types of verb forms attached by suffix –ion

In this part the writer explains that suffix –ion can be attached to the four types of verbs to form nouns, namely 1 verbs with –ate, 2 verbs with –ize or -ise, 3 verbs with alveolar t , s, and z, liquid l, 4 verbs with fricative v and nasal m and n . The first type of verb is a verb with –ate, the verbs can be showed in the list below: Abbreviate  Abbreviation Calculate  Calculation Decorate  Decoration Evaluate  Evaluation Federate  Federation Fluctuate  Fluctuation Generate  Generation Graduate  Graduation Hallucinate  Hallucination Illustrate  Illustration Legislate  Legislation Liquidate  Liquidation Lubricate  Lubrication Manipulate  Manipulation Motivate  Motivation Navigate  Navigation Nominate  Nomination Operate  Operation Participate  Participation Radiate  Radiation Simulate  Simulation Speculate  Speculation Tolerate  Toleration Terminate  Termination Translate  Translation Undulate  Undulation Violate  Violation The verbs which attach by -ate can be nominalized with –ion so they changed into –ion after the process of suffixation. Those verbs contains an allomorph –ion because suffix –ion not only can change to other forms or the allomorphs after it is attached to the stems that have function as verbs but also can be the base form. It means suffix –ion can stay at its form in the final sounds of the verbs. For example, the verb abbreviate ends in alveolar stop consonant t when the suffix – ion attached to the end of the verb, so the noun abbreviation is formed. In the noun abbreviation, suffix –ion does not change to other form. The second type of verb is a verb with –ize or -ise, in this type there are two kinds of ending after getting the attachment of suffix –ion. First is the word which ends in –ation. The second is the word which ends in –ion. the first example can be showed in the list below: Authorize  Authorization Canalize  Canalization Familiarize  Familiarization Globalize  Globalization Harmonize  Harmonization Hospitalize  Hospitalization Liberalize  Liberalization Materialize  Materialization Militarize  Militarization Nationalize  Nationalization Normalize  Normalization Palatalize  Palatalization Realize  Realization Socialize  Socialization Unionize  Unionization Vocalize  Vocalization Westernize  Westernization The verbs which attach by -ize can be nominalized with –ion so they changed into –ation after the process of suffixation. Suffix –ion can also change to other allomorph. Based on the data above, they have allomorph –ation because it occurs at the end of the nouns after the attachment process of suffix –ion when the final sounds of the verbs are alveolar fricatives. For example, the verb globalize ends in alveolar fricative z when suffix –ion is attached to the end of the verb so the end of the noun changes into –ation in the noun globalization. It means all the attachment process of suffix –ion to the verbs which has suffix –ize at the end of the stem will result allomorph –ation. The second examples are the verbs with –ise, the verbs can be showed in the list below: Circumcise  Circumcision Excise  Excision Revise  Revision The verbs which attach by -ise can be nominalized with –ion so they changed into –ion after the process of suffixation. Those verbs contains an allomorph –ion because suffix –ion not only can change to other forms or the allomorphs after it is attached to the stems that have function as verbs but also can be the base form. It means suffix –ion can stay at its form in the final sounds of the verbs. For example, the verb excise ends in alveolar fricative consonant z when the suffix – ion attached to the end of the verb, so the noun excision is formed. In the noun excision, suffix –ion does not change to other form. The third type of verb is a verb with alveolar t, s, and z, liquid l. The verbs can be showed in the list below:

a. Alveolar t

Abort  Abortion Affect  Affection Conduct  Conduction Deduct  Deduction Exhibit  Exhibition Induct  Induction Format  Formation

b. Alveolar s

Confess  confession Discuss  Discussion Flex  Flexion Immerse  Immersion

c. Alveolar z

Infuse  Infusion

d. Liquid l

Rebel  Rebellion The verbs which end in the alveolar t, s, and z, the liquid l can be nominalized by suffix –ion directly after getting the process of suffixation. The suffixation does not change the stem. Those verbs contains an allomorph –ion because suffix –ion not only can change to other forms or the allomorphs after it is attached to the stems that have function as verbs but also can be the base form. It means suffix –ion can stay at its form in the final sounds of the verbs. For example, the verb affect ends in alveolar stop consonant t when the suffix –ion attached to the end of the verb, so the noun affection is formed. In the noun affection, suffix –ion does not change to other form. This condition is also applicable to the verbs discuss , infuse, and rebel, they ends in alveolar fricative consonant s,z and liquid consonant l. So, suffix –ion also does not change to any other form in the nouns discussion, infusion, and rebellion. The fourth type of verb is a verb with fricative v and nasal m and n, the verbs can be showed in the list below: Acclaim  Acclamation Derive  Derivation Explain  Explanation Inform  Information Lament  Lamentation Observe  Observation The verbs which end in the fricative v and nasal m and n, can be nominalized by suffix –ion. After they got suffixation, the vowel in the initial position and in the middle position changed into other vowels. The consonant and the vowel in the final position is added by –ation because of the suffixation process. For example the word derive dɪ’raɪv becomes derivation ,derɪ’veɪ∫ n. The vowel in initial position changed from ɪ into e and in the middle position changed from aɪ into ɪ. Besides, the fricative v in final position got suffixation so it is added with –ation eɪ∫ n. Suffix –ion can also change to other allomorph. Based on the data above, they have allomorph –ation because it occurs at the end of the nouns after the attachment process of suffix –ion when the final sounds of the verbs are not only fricative but also nasal. For example, the verb derive ends in fricative v when suffix –ion is attached to the end of the verb so the end of the noun changes into – ation in the noun derivation. This condition is also applicable to the verbs explain and inform which ends in nasal consonants n,m. So, suffix –ion can change to other form or allomorph –ation in the nouns explanation and information.

B. The Process of Nominalization by Suffix –ion