Research Method RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

40 interactions. Observation checklist is also used to gain any feedback and comment from the observers toward the teaching and learning process. In addition, the following are the advantages of employing observation for the research study according to Creswell 2009, p. 179 1. Researcher has a first-hand experience with the participant. 2. Researcher can record information as occurs. 3. Unusual aspects can be noticed during observation. 4. Useful in exploring topics that may be uncomfortable for participants to discuss. Thus, by using the observation sheets, the researcher expects that she can collect as many data as possible. The form of observation sheet which is used by the researcher is checklist form. According to Sloan and Sloan 2013, “Checklists should be not too board. It is better to have a narrow focus at any one time and observe more frequently than to try to cover too many areas of observation” p.23. The observation checklists will be in the form for observing teacher‟s activities and students‟ activities. The teacher‟s activities observation checklist will be used for the researcher‟s self-reflection toward the activities given to the students. Meanwhile, the students‟ activities observation checklist will be used to obtain the information from the students when the researcher implements the action. Moreover, the researcher asked for help from two “peer- observers” Zepeda, 2014, p. 51. The term “peer- observer” was used to represent the other observers who invited during the teaching and learning process in order to collect the data. According to Zepeda 2014, “The peer observer helps the teacher look 41 at why the focus is important and what types of information about his her practice would help bring into “focus” the area being analyzed” p.51. Furthermore, the term of “peer review” Norton, 2013, p. 143 emphasizes on the method of peer- observer. According to Norton 2013, “A peer review evaluation is the method of having one or more teachers evaluates a teacher‟s performance. The term peer implies that the evaluator will be an individual who has similar teachi ng responsibilities as the teacher being evaluated” p. 143. Therefore, the researcher asked for help from the English teacher of class VIIF SMP Negeri 10 Surakarta and also a student of English Language Education Study Program ELESP of Sanata Dharma University.

2. Field Notes

Field notes are used to know the teaching-learning process during the implementation. The researcher uses field notes as the tool to help the researcher to reflect on the condition of teaching-learning process. Therefore, the researcher thinks that field notes are helpful to reflect the implementation. The same view is also emphasized by Tomal 2010 who states that field notes are very useful because the researcher could collect the information by observing the phenomena in its natural setting, such as a classroom or school. Through the field notes, the researcher gets the report of the observation and the reflections about whether the teaching and learning process is done well or not. In this research, the researcher asked for help to the class teacher and one student of ELESP of Sanata Dharma University to make the field notes based on their observation during the implementation.