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Resolution In this part, the crises are resolved for the better or for the worse situation.
This part also presents that the writer shows how the problem solving and the end of the story. There are several moral values or life values which can be learned
form the story.
d. Grammatical Features of Narrative Text
According to Doyle et al. 2004, the grammatical features of narrative are: using past tense to describe the events, using action verbs, using adjective to
describe the characters and the places, using direct and reported speech to present the dialogue.
4. Picture Series
In this part, the researcher used several theories which are related to picture series.
a. The Nature of Picture Series
Pictures series are usually represents of objects and places which are presented in series arrangement depicting sequence events in the same theme.
According to Heinich 1982, pictures are photographic, representative of people, places, and things that are available in most subject areas and levels from
kindergarten to adults. Kreidler 1968 states that a number of pictures indicates that something unusual have already happened. Pictures with more details
several objects, several people performing different actions, all relating to the same general themes can also be useful devices for simulating compositions. The
several actions depicted may allow a sequence of events.
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The Advantages of Picture Series Pictures can be one of good media to teach writing because they have
many advantages. As stated by Kreidler 1968 that a series of pictures can be used for retelling of a story. Raimes 1983 insists that pictures are valuable to
provide vocabulary and common language forms. Moreover, pictures bring the outside world into the classroom in a vivid and concrete way. Pictures are
valuable resources since they provide: 1.
A shared experience in the classroom 2.
A need for common language forms to use in the classroom 3.
A variety of tasks 4.
A focus of interest for students
Besides, Hobson, as cited by Dunn and Finley 2010, p. 34 states that the use of images could help promote children‟s writing given those pictures to be
more compact and efficient storage units of ideas in the pre-writing phases. Art offers the illustration as a way to develop the ideas of the story. Fu and Shelton,
as cited by Dunn and Finley 2010, p.34 tell that the teachers could use picture series technique in order to help the students to illustrate the initial story ideas
which helped to promote their confidence, stamina, and writing skills. Moreover, Raimes 1983 adds that a set of parallel pictures
– pictures that show a similar scene or tell a similar story
– provides material that offers guidance in vocabulary, sentence structure, and organization yet lets the students
write about the new subject matter; in this research the focus is on narrative writing.
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5. Classroom Action Research
This part will elaborate the classroom action research theories. There are four things discussed in this part: the definitions, the aims, the characteristics,
and the model of classroom action research.
a. Definitions of Classroom Action Research
There are some definitions which are stated by some experts. According to Kemmis as cited by Hopkins 2008, p. 48, action research is a form of self-
reflective enquiry undertaken by the participants in a social circle. Burns 2010 says, “It is related to the ideas of „reflective practice‟ and „the teacher as a
research er‟” p. 2. Furthermore, Mills 2011, p. 5 insists that action research is
any systematic inquiry conducted by the teacher researchers to gather information about the ways that their particular school operates, how they teach,
and how well their students learn. Richards 2005 says, “Action research refers
to a systemic approach to carry out investigations and collecting information that is designed to illuminate an issue or problem and to improve classroom prac
tice” p.171. Moreover, Richards 2005 says that action research emphasizes not
only to seek the benefits of involving the process of the cycles but also “to develop a deeper understanding of many issues in teaching and learning as well
as acquire useful classroom investigation skills ” p.171.
In other words, action research is an appropriate research which can be conducted by the teachers as the researchers towards their own classroom in
order to gain sufficient information of the condition faced by the classroom.
