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1. Information Collecting
As stated in the research methodology, the information collecting stage was done by conducting literature study and needs analysis. It was aimed to specify the
product to be made and to collect beneficial information for developing the product. Initially, the researcher noted some potential problems related to the teaching and
learning of English at the Senior High Schools. Then, it was found out that listening competence was one important issue to be discussed, especially because it had
became one of the parts in the National Examination. Then, the researcher selected the educational product that would be made to help solve the problems i.e. an
Android application which focuses on listening comprehension for Grade X students. After that, the researcher conducted a literature review. The literature
review covered listening comprehension, Mobile Learning m-learning as well as Mobile Assisted Language Learning MALL, Android development program App
Inventor, and Instructional Design ID model. In addition, the consideration in arranging activities that would be included
in the application was the micro-skills of listening comprehension proposed by Brown 2001. First, students should be able to recognize grammatical word classes
nouns, verbs, etc, systems tenses, agreement, pluralization, pattern, rules, and elliptical forms. Thus, the activities in the application were designed to enable
students to identify those aspects. Second, students can recognize the communicative functions of utterances, according to situations, participants, and
goals. Regarding with this, different discourses and expressions were included in the application. Next, students are able to develop and use a battery of listening
strategies, such as detecting keywords, guessing meaning of words from contexts,
74 appeal for help, and signalling comprehension or lack. Different types of exercises
which could promote the students to use various listening strategies were integrated in the application.
The researcher also analyzed the syllabus of English learning for Grade X. The school applied School-Based Curriculum or known as Kurikulum Tingkat
Satuan Pendidikan KTSP. The objectives of the teaching and learning process,
especially listening, were stated in the Competency Standards and the Basic Competences which are presented below.
Table 4.1. The Competency Standards and the Basic Competences of Listening Skill for Grade X
Competency Standards Basic Competences
Semester 1 1. Understanding
the meaning in transactional
and interpersonal
conversations in daily contexts
2. Understanding the
meaning in
short functional
texts and
simple monologue in the forms
of recount,
narrative, and procedure texts in daily contexts
1.1 Responding to the meaning in transactional to get things done and interpersonal to
socialize conversations, formally and informally by using simple expressions accurately, fluently,
and appropriately in daily life contexts involving some speech acts, such as introduction, greeting
and leave-taking, accepting or offering invitation, and accepting or cancelling appointment
1.2 Responding to the meaning in transactional to get things done and interpersonal to
socialize conversations, formally and informally by using simple expressions accurately, fluently,
and appropriately in daily life contexts involving some speech acts, such as: expressing happiness,
showing attention, expressing sympathy, and giving instructions
2.1 Responding to the meaning accurately, fluently, and appropriately in short simple oral
functional
texts e.g.
announcements, advertisements, invitations, etc. formally and
informally in various contexts in daily life
continued
75 continued
Competency Standards Basic Competences
2.2 Responding to the meaning in simple monologue texts using a variety of expressions
accurately, fluently, and appropriately in various contexts of daily life in the forms of: recount,
narrative, and procedure texts
Semester 2 7.
Understanding the
meaning in transactional and interpersonal conversations
in daily contexts 8.
Understanding the
meaning in short functional texts and simple monologue
in the forms of narrative, descriptive, and news items
texts in daily contexts 7.1 Responding to the meaning in transactional
to get things done and interpersonal to socialize
conversations, formally
and informally, accurately, fluently and appropriately
using a variety of simple oral expressions in different contexts of daily life which involve
some speech acts, such as: expressing gratitude, giving compliment, and congratulating someone
7.2 Responding to the meaning in transactional to get things done and interpersonal to
socialize
conversations, formally
and informally, accurately, fluently and appropriately
using a variety of simple oral expressions in different contexts of daily life which involve
some speech acts, such as: expressing surprise, expressing disbelief, and accepting invitation and
offerings 8.1 Responding to the meaning in simple oral
short functional texts eg announcements, advertisements, invitations, etc. formally and
informall, accurately, fluently, and appropriately in various contexts of daily life
8.2 Responding to the meaning in simple monologue texts using a variety of expressions,
accurately, fluently, and appropriately in the contexts of daily life, in the form of narrative,
descriptive, and news items texts
The Competency Standard and the Basic Competences were analyzed to gain more specific information about the types of listening materials for grade X.
76 After analyzing the syllabus, the topics of the materials for grade X focusing on
listening skills for Semester 1 and 2 could be derived as follows.
Table 4.2. The Topics for Listening Skills of Senior High School Grade X for Semester 1 and 2
Semester Topics
Semester 1 - Introduction, Greeting and Leave-taking, Making
Invitation, Making
and Cancelling
Appointment, Expressing Happiness, Expressing Sympathy, Giving
Instruction - Announcement, Advertisement, Invitation
- Recount, Narrative, Procedure texts Semester 2
- Expressing Gratitude, Giving Compliment, Congratulating Someone, Expressing Surprise, Expressing Disbelief,
Accepting Invitation and Offering - Announcement, Advertisement, Invitation
- Narrative, Descriptive, and News Item
According to the topics above, there are various language expressions and text genres, in the form of dialogues and monologues. The selection of the materials,
including audios, exercises, and vocabulary or expressions, was adjusted to those topics.
The researcher also conducted needs analysis to the tenth grade students in SMAN 1 Depok Sleman to know their difficulties and attitudes toward the listening
competences and the teaching of listening in the class. The needs analysis was done by distributing questionnaires to 30 students. It was held on Thursday, August 28
th
, 2014. The working concepts of the needs analysis questionnaire is presented in
Table 4.2. Besides, an interview was also conducted to the English teacher in SMAN 1 Depok Sleman. It was aimed to gather necessary information related to
the teaching and learning process, especially which focuses on listening competences.
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