Final Section Presentation of the Iconic Model of the Android Application

124 different types of gadgets to access the application. Therefore, there is a great opportunity to conduct mobile learning using this application. The next principle is flexible use. Mobile learning can be defined based on the use of mobile devices or on the mobility of the learners. The application in this research supports the implementation of this learning mode because FLAP is flexible to be used anytime and anywhere. It is supported by the questionnaire result on statement number 7 see Appendix 9 and 10. Both experts and users agree that FLAP is appropriate to be used inside and outside the classroom. Then, this application also supports the third principle i.e. simple and intuitive. The instruction and navigation in FLAP are easy to follow. The materials are also easy to understand. The questionnaire result on statement numbers 4 and 9 showed that the results are in line with this principle. These results also support other two principles i.e. tolerance of error, and low physical and technical effort. In brief, FLAP has simple operation. The users can operate FLAP easily with less guidance from the teachers. The next principle which is integrated in the application is perceptible information. It is gained from the provision of captions, descriptors, and audio transcriptions. For example, in the Unit Preview screen, the description of the units are provided. The audio transcription is also provided in the Listen section see the questionnaire result of the main field testing, item number 8, Appendix 10. The students stated that the audio transcription could help them to learn listening comprehension. The last principle is community of learners and support. It is integrated with the Forum section which provides opportunities for students to learn in a 125 community or group. Besides, they can also get supports or helps from the teachers or their friends through Forum section see the questionnaire result of the main field testing, item number 18, Appendix 10. In conclusion, FLAP has covered seven out of eight principles of Mobile Learning m-learning. It is supported by the results of the questionnaires and interviews. It shows that FLAP can support the implementation of m-learning in Senior High Schools, especially grade X. 126

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

This chapter presents the conclusions and suggestions of this research. In the first part, the conclusions are drawn based on the previous chapters. Meanwhile, the second part presents the suggestions to improve the study for the English teachers and the future researchers.

A. Conclusions

In this part, the researcher draws some conclusions according to the results of the study which are discussed in the previous chapter. An Android application, named Fun Listening Android Application FLAP was developed to be used by the students of Senior High Schools to facilitate them in practicing listening comprehension. The first question is about the iconic model of the Android application for tenth grade students of Senior High Schools. The application was developed using the combined model of R and D model by Borg and Gall 1983 and Dick and Carey model 2003. The last version of the application was considered good and acceptable for the students by the score 0.9 of the maximum score 2. The application consists of four main parts, namely: Focus, Fun, Final, and Forum. The Focus part consists of fifteen units and each of them consists of Listen, Practice, and Review. The Listen section contains an audio and its transcription. Then, the Practice section contains an exercise, in the form of true-false, multiple choice, or filling blanks. Meanwhile, the Review section contains some vocabulary or expressions to be learnt related to the topics. The second part is Fun consisting of three sections,