62
Figure 3.1 The flowchart of the Combined Model adapted from the R and D Model and the Dick and Carey Model
Literature study Needs analysis
Selecting topics from the syllabus
Defining the
indicators Selecting the
materials Blueprint
Guidelines
Developing storyboard and
flowchart Developing
materials audios and exercises
Developing application using
App Inventor Building the
application .apk
file
The tentative product
Experts validation 1
st
Revision
Users validation 10 students
2
nd
Revision
Users validation the whole class
Last Revision
The final product of the Android application
Information Collecting
Planning
Development
Evaluation and
Revision
63 By following the combined model, the final product i.e. an Android
application was expected to meet the teacher and the students’ needs. Furthermore, it could help students develop their listening skills.
C. Research Setting and Participants
This research was aimed to develop an m-learning model for tenth grade students. To develop an effective learning model of an Android application, the
researcher needed to collect the data from various participants. The following is the detailed description about the setting and participants of this research.
1. Research Setting
As the target users were the tenth grade students, this research was done in one of Senior High Schools in Yogyakarta. It was conducted in SMA N 1 Depok
Sleman. The school is located in Babarsari, Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta.
2. Research Participants
There were various participants involved in this research. The participants were the target learners i.e. the tenth grade students and the experts. The target
learners were selected from one of the classes in SMA N 1 Depok, Sleman. The experts were categorized into two fields: materials and media. This research
involved four experts with different backgrounds. They were an English teacher, an English lecturer, an IT teacher, and an IT lecturer. The further description of the
experts background can be seen in the table below.
64
Table 3.2. The Description of the Expert Validators
Participants Educational
Background Teaching Experience
in year S1
S2 S3
1-5 6-10
10
An English lecturer 1
1 An English teacher
1 1
An IT lecturer 1
An IT teacher 1
1 1
The experts were asked to give their opinions, reviews, and also suggestion towards the product. The materials experts gave the suggestion about the materials
whether they were appropriate or not for the target learners, while the media experts gave evaluation particularly about the design and layout of the application.
D. Data Collection Technique
The data in this research were collected from two research instruments i.e. questionnaire and interview. The research was officially conducted in the even
semester of the Academic year 20142015 in April 2015 – June 2015. However, the
needs analysis had been conducted in the odd semester i.e. in August 2014. The data in this research were in the form of quantitative data and qualitative
data. The quantitative data were collected from the questionnaires, while the qualitative data were obtained from the interviews. The detailed explanation of the
stages, required data, participants, and instruments are presented below.
Table 3.3. Instruments, Participants, Time, Data, and Aims
Instruments Participants
Time Obtained
Data Aim
Research Problem
Need Analysis Questionnaire
The tenth
grade students of SMAN 1
Depok Sleman 32 students
August 2014, in the
Research and
Information Collecting
Stage Description
of students’ needs,
condition, and readiness
for conducting
mobile learning.
To design the
theoretical model
of the
application Research
Question 1
