27 taken from professional writers, while this study used texts from novice writer.
Besides, Sharndama and Panamah‟s study did not compare their objects, while this research compared the object.
2.2. Theoretical Framework
There are some theories used to analyze this subject matter. Those are theory of Clause, Clause as Message, Theme-Rheme, Thematic Progression, Writing Skill.
2.2.1. Clause
Clause is a syntax unit where theme and rheme is analyzed. A text contains some clauses. Gerrot and Wignell 1995:82 define clause as the largest grammatical
unit and divide it into two types: minor clause and major clause. Minor and major clauses are distinguished by the existence of predicate within a
clause. Minor clause is a clause which does not have predicator. Gerot and Wignell 1995:83 give three basic types of minor clause. Those are address, greeting, and
exclamation. Meanwhile, major clause is a clause that has predicator inside. Further, Gerrot and Wignell 1995:84 divide major clause into two types. Those are
independent and dependent clause. Independent and dependent clauses relate to their dependence on another clause.
Independent clause is a clause that can stand alone. It does not depend on another clause. It has complete meaning although it is not supported by another clause.
28 Meanwhile, dependent clause is a clause which cannot stand alone. It is a clause that
needs other clauses to complete its meaning. The examples below are dependent and independent clauses taken from Gerot
and Wignel 1995 1
Although Tony is intelligent, he failed. Dependent clause
Independent clause
2.2.2. Clause as Message
Every clause has a message. It is known as „clause as message‟. Martin, et al. 1997 delivers “each clause is organized as message related to an unfolding text”. In
addition, Halliday and Matthiessen 2004:61 state that clause as message is making applicability to context. Thus, clause as message considers information which is
contained in a clause to its context. Clause as message has structure of clause information. That structure is
known as thematic structure Bloor and Bloor, 2004. It consists of theme and rheme. It
deals with the prominent and supported information in a clause.
2.2.3. Theme and Rheme
