Constant TP Linear TP Multiple TP

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2.2.4. Thematic Progression

The name of thematic progression TP is used for the development of information through themes in a text. Paltridge 2008:148 writes “TP refers to the way in which the theme of the clause may pick up, or repeat, a meaning from a preceding theme or rheme”. Besides, Taboada 2004:86 states thematic progression refers to a place where themes are from and their relations to the others theme and rheme. From those two definitions, it can be concluded that thematic progression shows the move way of themes and their relations within a written text. The move ways of themes are varied. There are three types of thematic progression. Those are constant TP, Linear TP, and Multiple TP. Those TP types are delivered in the part below.

2.2.4.1. Constant TP

Constant TP is a TP that is used in a theme which is picked up from previous theme. Paltridge 2008:148 says that constant TP is a theme that is taken from previous theme and then repeated in the early position of next clause. Thus, there are repeating themes in a text which uses this type of TP. It happens because this TP develops a theme from its previous theme. 36 The example below is the manifestation of constant TP which is taken from Paltridge 2008: 147 : Text can be used for both spoken and written language It usually refers to a stretch, an extract or complete piece of writing or speech

2.2.4.2. Linear TP

Linear thematic progression is a type of TP in which a theme is picked up from previous rheme. The theme which is developed by using linear TP is taken from the information in previous rheme Paltridge, 2008:149. Thus, a written text which uses this type is signaled by the existence of theme that is developed from the information that is talked in previous rheme. The example of linear TP is given as following. The example is taken from Paltridge 2008:148 The term „modality‟ describes a range of grammatical resources used to express probability or obligation Generally, obligation is used in speech, especially when wanting to get things done such as „you should keep your room tidy‟

2.2.4.3. Multiple TP

Multiple TP is also known as split rheme. It is a TP in which some themes are developed from one same rheme. A rheme contains some numbers of information, 37 then each of the information is used as themes for some next clauses Paltridge, 2008:148. Thus, Multiple TP is used in some clauses which have same referring rheme. In this case, a rheme which becomes referring of these some themes contains different pieces of information. The example of multiple TP which is taken from Paltridge 2008:149 The two alphabets are called hiragana and katakana The chinese ideograms are called kanji Hirogana represents the 46 basic sounds that are made in the Japanese language Katakana is used mainly for words borrowed from foreign Languages

2.2.5. Writing Skill