✎
✎ ✏✏ ✏ ✑
✒✓✔ ✕ ✒
t
✖✗✘✓✙ ✚ ✓ ✛✜ ✚
✢ ✚
t
✓
s
✔ ✖✗ ✖✛ ✓
✣✙ ✚✕ ✛✕ ✗ ✙ ✓ ✗✚
✘ ✕✔ ✤ ✓ ✥
t
✗✚ ✦
✧✦ ✖✗✓★ ✚ ✦✓✙ ✓
t
✓ ✥ ✕✒ ✎
✏✏ ✩✪ ✤✖
✫ ✚✥ ✗✖✒
✙ ✓ ✥ ✙ ✓ ✗✚
t
✓ ✥ ✕✒
t
✓ ✥ ✕✒ ✎
✏ ✏ ✬ ✣✭✓✫ ✖✤
✮✪ ✯ ✰✖✒ ✕✗ ✕✒✓ ✒
✓ ✛ ✜ ✚
✢ ✚
t
✓
s
✚ ✒ ✚
✙ ✚
✦ ✖✗✛ ✚✗
✓ ✛ ✓ ✒
✛✓ ✗✖✒✓ ✤✧ ✒
✘✓ ✛✓ ✒ ✥
✓ ✗✱✓ ✲✲ ✳
✦ ✓✙ ✓
t
✓ ✥ ✕✒
✎ ✏✏ ✩
✣ ✭✓✫
✖✤ ✎
✪✯ ✲✲ ✳
✙ ✚
✦ ✖✗✛ ✚✗
✓ ✛ ✓ ✒
✓ ✛✓ ✒
s
✖ ✔✓ ✛ ✚✒
✤ ✓ ✒
✱ ✛✓ ✙ ✓ ✒
★ ✖ ✔✓ ✛ ✚✒
✔✓ ✥✓ ✤ ✑
t
✖✗✤ ✖ ✦✓
s
✙ ✓ ✗✚ ✓✙✓ ✒
y
✓ ★ ✕
✫ ★ ✚ ✙
✚ ✲ ✲✳
✓
t
✓
u t
✚ ✙✓ ✛✯
✭✓✫ ✖✤
✮ ✰ ✖✗✛✖
✔ ✫ ✓ ✒ ✱ ✓ ✒
✘ ✕ ✔
✤ ✓ ✥
✜ ✗✚
✦ ✦ ✓✙✓
✰✰✴ ✰✓ ✤
✓✫ ✕ ✥ ✓ ✒ ✗
✓
tu
✵✶ ✷✸✹ ✺
✸ ✻✼✶ ✷ ✽ ✾ ✾✿
❀❁ ❂ ❃❁ ❄ ✽ ✾ ✾❅
❀ ✿❂ ❅❆ ✾ ✽ ✾ ✾❃
❀ ✾❂ ❃ ❅ ❆
✽ ✾ ✾❇ ❆ ❂ ❃❁ ❅
✽ ✾❀ ✾ ❃❂ ✾❀❀
❈
u
❉❊ ❋● ❍
■■ ❏
■ ❑ ▲ ❑❊
u
▼❑◆ ● ❑
tu
❖P ◗❘ ◗❙ ✭✓✫
✖✤ ✎
✰ ✖✗✕✫✓ ✥✓ ✒ ✥✓ ✗
✱ ✓ ✲ ✲✳
✙ ✚ ❚ ✒
✙ ✧✒ ✖
★ ✚ ✓
❯❱❲ ✼✶ ❳
u
❨✶❲ ❩✶ ❬
❭✸ ❪ ❫ ✶
✷ ❪ ❱
❲ ❴ ❫
t
❱ ❲ ❵
✵✶ ✷ ✸ ✹
✵✶✹ ❩❩✶ ✼
❯❱ ✹
❛ ❫✹
❪❲ ❱
✻ ❫ ✸ ✻
❜ ❫
✹ ❝
✶ ❳
s
❞ ✼
✶❲ ❜
❫ ✹
❝ ✶ ❳
t
✶✹✶ ✷ ✽ ✾ ✾
❁ ❀
✺ ✶✹ ✸✶❲
❫ ❀
❂ ❃❀ ✾
❡ ✾ ✾
❀ ❂ ❃❇ ✾ ❡
✾✾ ❀ ❂ ❇ ❅✾
❡ ✾ ✾
✽❀ ✺
✶✹✸ ✶❲ ❫ ❀
❂ ❃❀ ✾
❡ ✾ ✾
❀ ❂ ✿ ❆
✾ ❡
✾✾ ❀ ❂ ❃ ✾✾
❡ ✾ ✾
✽ ✾ ✾ ❆
❀ ❜
✶❲ ❱
t
✽ ❂ ❄ ✾✾ ❡
✾ ✾ ✽ ❂
❀ ✾ ✾ ❡
✾✾ ✽ ❂
✽ ✾✾
❡ ✾ ✾
❀ ❢ ❳
t
❞ ❣ ❱
❲ ❄❂
❆ ✾✾
❡ ✾ ✾
❄❂ ❁ ✾ ✾
❡ ✾✾
✽ ❂ ✾ ✾✾ ❡
✾ ✾ ✽ ✾ ✾❃
✽ ❄ ❜
❱❫ ✿❂ ✾ ✾✾
❡ ✾ ✾
❆ ❂ ❆ ✾ ✾
❡ ✾✾
✽ ❂ ❆
✾✾ ❡
✾ ✾ ❀
❤ ❱
s
❱ ✻❣ ❱
❲ ❆ ❂
❆ ✾✾
❡ ✾ ✾
❆ ❂ ❆ ✾ ✾
❡ ✾✾
✽ ❂ ❆
✾✾ ❡
✾ ✾ ❀❆
❤ ❱
s
❱ ✻
❣ ❱
❲ ❆ ❂ ✾ ✾✾
❡ ✾ ✾
❄❂ ❃✾ ✾ ❡
✾✾ ✽ ❂
❆ ✾✾
❡ ✾ ✾
✽ ✾ ✾❇ ❀❆
✺ ✶✹✸ ✶❲ ❫
❄❂ ❆
✾✾ ❡
✾ ✾ ❄❂
❆ ✾ ✾ ❡
✾✾ ✽ ❂
❆ ✾✾
❡ ✾ ✾
❈
u
❉❊ ❋● ❍
■ ❋ ● ✐
❑❉ ❥
◆❑
1.2 Perumusan Masalah
❦ ✧
✔ ✦ ✧ ✒✖✒ ✫
✚ ✓
y
✓ ✲ ✲✳
✦✓✙ ✓ ✧
✦ ✖✗
✓★ ✚ ✛✓✦✓ ✤
✦ ✖✗✚✛✓ ✒
✓ ✒ ✕✔ ✕✔ ✒
y
✓ ❧
✕✛ ✕ ✦
✫ ✖
★ ✓ ✗
y
✓ ✚
tu
♠ ✏
♥♦ ✏
♣ ✙ ✓ ✗✚
t
✧✜✓ ✤ ✫ ✚
✓
y
✓ ✧
✦ ✖✗
✓★ ✚✧✒✓ ✤ ✣
✰ ✕ ✘ ✚
y
✓ ✒ ✚ ✑
✎ ✏✏
q ✪ ✯
✲ ✖ ★ ✓ ✗✒
y
✓ ✦ ✧ ✗
★ ✚ ✲ ✲✳
✚✒ ✚ ✔ ✖✒
y
✖ ✫✓✫
✛ ✓
✒ ✫ ✚
✓
y
✓ ✧
✦ ✖✗
✓★ ✚✧ ✒ ✓ ✤
✓ ✛✓ ✒ ✔
✖✒✚✒✱ ✛✓
t
★ ✖✚✗✚✒✱ ✙ ✖✒✱✓ ✒
✛ ✖✒ ✓ ✚✛
✓ ✒ ✥
✓ ✗✱✓ ✲ ✲✳
y
✓ ✒ ✱
✘
u
✱ ✓ ✫
✚ ✓★ ✓ ✒
y
✓ ✓ ✛✓ ✒
✔ ✖✒✚✒✱ ✛✓
t
✛ ✓ ✒
✫ ✚ ✓
y
✓ ✧
✦ ✖✗✓★ ✚✧ ✒
✓ ✤ ★ ✖✤
✓ ✚✒ ✛ ✧
✔ ✦ ✧ ✒✖✒ ✲ ✲✳
✑ ★ ✖
✦ ✖✗
t
✚ ✦
✖✗ ✫
✖✛ ✓ ✤
✓ ✒ ✛✧ ✒
★ ✕✔★ ✚✑ ✖
s
✙✓ ✒ ✤
✓ ✚✒ ♥
✤ ✓ ✚✒
✯ ❦
✖✒ ✓ ✚✛✓ ✒
✫ ✚ ✓
y
✓ ✧
✦ ✖✗
✓★ ✚ ✚✒ ✚
t
✖✒ ✜
u
★ ✓✘✓
✔ ✖✒
y
✖ ✫ ✓✫
✛ ✓ ✒
✛ ✖✕✒✜ ✕✒✱✓ ✒ ✦
✖ ✔ ✚✤✚✛
✕★ ✓ ✥✓
✦ ✖✒✓ ✒
✱ ✛
✓✦ ✓ ✒ ✚✛✓ ✒
✓ ✛✓ ✒ ✫
✖✗✛ ✕✗ ✓ ✒✱✯
✲✓ ✥ ✛ ✓ ✒
✘ ✚✛ ✓
✒ ✚ ✤
✓ ✚ ✘✕✓ ✤
✚✛ ✓ ✒
y
✓ ✒
✱ ✙
✚ ✦
✖✗✧ ✤✖✥
t
✚ ✙✓ ✛
❧ ✕ ✛✕✦
u
✒✜✕ ✛ ✔ ✖✒ ✕
✜ ✕✦ ✚ ✫ ✚
✓
y
✓ ✧✦ ✖ ✗
✓★ ✚✧✒✓ ✤ ✦ ✖✒✓ ✒✱ ✛✓
✦ ✓ ✒ ✚✛✓ ✒
y
✓ ✒✱ ★ ✖
✔✓ ✛ ✚✒ ✔
✖✒✚✒✱ ✛✓
t
✔✓ ✛
✓ ✦
✖ ✔ ✚✤✚✛
✕ ★ ✓ ✥✓
✓ ✛ ✓ ✒
✔ ✖✒
✱✓ ✤ ✓✔
✚ ✛ ✖✗
u
✱ ✚ ✓ ✒
✯ ❦
✖✗
u
✱ ✚ ✓ ✒
✧✦ ✖✗ ✓★ ✚
✦ ✖✒
✓ ✒✱ ✛✓✦ ✓ ✒ ✚✛✓ ✒
y
✓ ✒✱
t
✖✗
u s
✔ ✖✒✖ ✗
u s
✓ ✛ ✥✚✗ ✒
y
✓ ✓ ✛✓ ✒
✔ ✖
✔✓ ✛★ ✓ ✦
✖ ✔ ✚✤✚✛
✕★ ✓ ✥✓
✔ ✖✒✱ ✥✖✒✜ ✚✛
✓ ✒ ✫ ✚
s
✒ ✚ ★ ✒
y
✓✯ r
✓ ✤ ✓✔
★ ✚
t
✕ ✓★ ✚
✫ ✚ ★ ✒ ✚
s y
✓ ✒✱ ✫ ✕ ✗✕ ✛
s
✖ ✦
✖✗
t
✚ ✚
tu
✑ ✓✙ ✓
★ ✖ ✘ ✕
✔ ✤
✓ ✥ ✦
✖ ✔ ✚✤✚✛
✕★ ✓ ✥✓
✓
t
✓
u
✒ ✖✤ ✓
y
✓ ✒
y
✓ ✒✱
t
✖
t
✓✦ ✫ ✖✗
t
✓ ✥ ✓ ✒
✔ ✖✤ ✓ ✛ ✕✛✓ ✒
✧✦ ✖✗ ✓★ ✚
s
t✉✈✇✈ ①② ✇t✇✈ ③②✇✈ ④
⑤ ✉ ⑥
✇②
u
⑦③⑧ ✈③
s
③✈③
t
✉✈ ⑨
u
⑩✉ ⑩ t❶✈
y
✇③ ✇ ⑥
✇⑧ ✇✈ ❶
✈ ⑨ ❶ ②
⑦✉❷
t
✇ ❸✇✈ ❹✇✈
⑩ ✉✈ ✉❷✇ t②✇✈
st
❷ ✇
t
✉①③ ❹ ✇ ⑥
✇ ⑩ ⑩
✉✈
y
③② ✇ t ③
②✉ ✈✇③② ✇✈
❸ ✇❷ ①✇
⑦✇ ❸ ✇✈
⑦✇②✇❷ ⑩③✈
y
✇② ❺ ✈ ✇ ⑩❶
✈ ❸
③✈① ①✇ ⑧
✇ ✇
t
③✈ ③ ⑦✉ ⑥❶⑩
❹ ③②✉
t
✇ ❸ ❶ ③
st
❷✇
t
✉①③ ✇ t
✇ ⑧ ✇❻✇
y
✇✈ ① ⑩
✉❷ ✉②✇ ⑥
✇② ❶②✇✈ ④ ❼
✇ ⑥ ③✈ ③ ⑥
✇ ❸
y
✇✈ ① ⑩✉✈❹ ❽ ❷❽✈ ①
❹③ ⑥ ✇② ⑧ ✇✈✇② ✇✈✈
y
✇ t✉✈ ✉ ⑥
③
t
③ ✇✈
③✈ ③④ ❾
✉ ❿ ✇❷ ✇
② ❸❶⑧ ❶
⑧ ❺ t✉✈ ❶ ⑥
③
s t
✉❷
t
✇❷③② ❶✈⑨ ❶
② ⑩✉✈✉ ⑥
③
t
③
st
❷✇
t
✉①③
y
✇ ✈① ❹③
t
✉❷ ✇ t ② ✇✈
t ✉ ⑩③ ⑥
③② ❶⑧ ✇ ❸
✇ ✇
t
✇
u
✈ ✉ ⑥ ✇
y
✇✈
y
✇✈① ⑦✉❷ t✇✈ ①②✇ ⑥
✇✈ ❹ ③
⑤⑤ ➀
⑤✇ ⑥ ✇ ⑦❶ ❸
✇✈ ❷✇
tu
❹✇ ⑥ ✇ ⑩
⑩ ✉✈①
❸ ✇❹ ✇ t
③ ②✉✈ ✇③② ✇✈
➁ ➁ ➂ t
✇❹ ✇
t
✇ ❸ ❶ ✈
➃ ➄ ➄➅ ④
❼ ✇❷① ✇
⑩③✈
y
✇② ⑩✉✈⑨✇ ❸
❹ ❶✈③✇
y
✇✈ ① ➆
⑥❶ ② ⑨ ❶
✇
t
③ ➆
✇② ✇✈ ⑧
✇✈ ①✇
t
⑦✉❷ t✉✈① ✇❷ ❶❸
t
✉❷ ❸✇❹✇ t ② ✉✈✇③② ✇✈
❸ ✇❷① ✇
➁ ➁ ➂ ④
⑤✉ ⑩ ✉❷ ③✈⑨✇ ❸
⑩✉ ⑩ ③ ⑥
③②③ ✇✈①① ✇❷✇✈
⑧ ❶⑦⑧ ③❹ ③
❹ ✇ ⑥ ✇ ⑩
⑩ ✉✈ ❻✇①✇
st
✇ ⑦③ ⑥ ③
t
✇
s
❸✇❷ ①✇ ➁ ➁ ➂
❹ ✇ ⑥ ✇ ⑩
✈ ✉①✉❷ ③④ ➇
✉✈ ①✇✈ ✈ ✇③② ✈
y
✇ ❸✇❷①✇
⑩③✈
y
✇② ⑩
✉✈ ⑨✇ ❸ ❹
❶ ✈ ③✇
⑩✇②✇ ✇✈ ①① ✇❷✇✈
⑧ ❶ ⑦ ⑧ ③❹③
➁ ➁ ➂
y
✇✈ ①
t
✉ ⑥ ✇ ❸
❹ ③
t
✉
t
✇ t ② ✇✈
❽ ⑥
✉ ❸ ⑤✉ ⑩
✉❷ ③✈⑨✇ ❸ ✇② ✇✈
⑩ ✉✈ ①✇ ⑥
✇ ⑩③ t
✉ ⑩⑦✉✈ ①② ✇②✇✈ ④ ⑤✉ ⑩
✉❷③✈ ⑨✇ ❸ ❹ ✇ ⑥
✇ ⑩ ⑩✉✈① ✇✈⑨③⑧ ③ t
✇⑧ ③ ✇✈① ①✇❷ ✇✈
⑧ ❶⑦⑧ ③❹ ③
➁ ➁ ➂
y
✇✈ ① ⑩✉ ⑩⑦✉✈① ②✇②
⑩ ✇②✇
✇② ✇✈ ⑩
✉✈ ✇③②② ✇✈ ❸
✇❷ ①✇ ➁ ➁ ➂
❹✇ ⑥✇ ⑩ ✈✉① ✉❷③④
➈ ✉✈✇③② ✇✈
❸✇❷① ✇ ➁➁
➂ ③✈③
❹ ③❷✇⑧ ✇②✇✈ ❻
u
①✇ ❽ ⑥
✉ ❸
s
✉②
t
❽❷ t✉❷③② ✇✈✇✈ ④
➇ ✉✈ ①✇✈
② ✉✈✇③② ✇✈ ❸✇❷①✇
➁ ➁ ➂ ⑩
✇② ✇ ✇②✇✈
✈ ✇③② t❶ ⑥
✇ ⑦③✇
y
✇ ❽
t✉❷✇⑧ ③❽✈ ✇ ⑥ t✉✈✇✈ ①② ✇ t
✇✈ ③② ✇✈
y
✇✈ ① ❹ ③
t
✇✈① ① ❶ ✈ ①
❽ ⑥ ✉ ❸
✈✉ ⑥ ✇
y
✇✈④ ➂
✉❷ ❶❻ ❶ ②
❹✇❷③ ② ✉❻✇❹③✇✈
②✉✈ ✇③②✇✈ ❸
✇❷① ✇ ➁➁
➂ t✇❹✇
t
✇ ❸❶✈ ➃
➄➄ ➅ ❹③ ⑩✇✈✇
t
✉❷❻✇❹ ③ ②✉✈ ✇③②✇✈
❸ ✇❷ ①✇
➁ ➁ ➂ ⑧
✉② ③
t
✇❷ s ➄
➉ ⑩✇②✇
t✉ ⑩ ✉❷③✈ ⑨✇ ❸
❹③
t
❶✈⑨
u t
❹ ✇ ⑥ ✇ ⑩
⑩ ✉✈ ①✇ ⑩ ⑦
③ ⑥ ② ✉ ⑦
③❻✇② ✇✈ ➊
② ✉ ⑦ ③❻✇② ✇✈
y
✇✈① ⑥
✉ ⑦ ③ ❸
t
✉ t ✇
t
❹✇❷ ③
y
✇✈① ⑧
✉ ⑦✉ ⑥❶ ⑩ ✈
y
✇④ ➈
✉ ⑦ ③❻✇② ✇✈
y
✇✈ ①
t
✉ t ✇
t t
✉ ❷⑧ ✉ ⑦❶⑨ ⑧ ✉ ⑦
✇③② ✈
y
✇ ⑩✉❷ ❶
❻
u
② ✇
t
✇
u
⑩ ✉ ⑩ t
✉❷ ❸✇
t
③②✇✈
st
❷✇
t
✉① ③
y
✇✈① ✇② ✇✈
❹ ③
t
✉❷✇ t②✇✈ ✈ ✉ ⑥
✇
y
✇✈ ❻③②✇
t
✉❷ ❻✇❹③ ②✉✈ ✇③②✇✈
❸✇❷①✇ ➁ ➁ ➂
④
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian