values refer to cultural values. In other words, the culture within the text is as important as the grammar of the text.
B. Translation as a Process
The word ―translation‖ has two meanings in general. Those two are: translation as a process and translation as a product. A translator is doing the
process of translation when she is translating any kind of text. The process occurs in the translator‘s mind cognitive process therefore it cannot be observed
directly. Usually this is being referred to as ―the black box of the translator‖. Bell: 1991. Another definition according to Qing Wu says that
“Translating involves, but of course is not confined to, reading, i.e., construing the original
text, and writing, i.e., presenting recognized information from the preceding construal in another language, the two processes of which necessarily take place
in an act labeled as translating. ” 2002:533
Thus, in the process of translation, we have at least three steps to be considered: 1 recognizing the source text; 2 transferring the message; and 3
rearrange the text in the target language. According to Nida ‘s model of translation
process Nida Taber, 1969: 33, it can be described as such: Source text Target text
Analysis Restructuring
Source text message ------------ Transfer ------------ Target text message
Table 2.1 Translation Process
In the first step, recognizing the source text, translator should pay attention to the type of text, the subject matter of the text, and the culture of the source
language. This first step includes the analysis of grammatical components and meanings. The second step, transferring the message, includes translating from
source language into target language. The third step, the restructuring step, is to rearrange the source text in the target language so as to be the target text. The
restructuring includes grammatical and cultural adjustment from source language into target language. In this step, translator should be able to predict the target
readers based on the type of text being translated. Thus, the adjustment would match the target readers. Otherwise, there will be problems of ineffective
translation in terms of readability.
C. Methods of Translation
Kategori