3 To know whether any improvement or not in students’ score, the writer
analyzes their score from pre-test up to post-test score in cycle 2 by using the formula of Gronlund is the pre-test subtracted with the post-test.
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G. Action Research Procedure:
This research is Classroom Action Research CAR, which is done to solve the instructional problems. Classroom Action Research CAR is a form of self-
reflective inquiry undertaken by participants in a social including educational situation in order to improve the rationality and justice of: a their own social or
educational practices; b their understanding practices; and c the situation in which practices are carried out.
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CAR is the type of research that could offer a procedure to improve and enhance the professionalism of teachers in teaching and learning in the classroom by
looking at various indicators of the success of learning processes and outcomes that occur in the students. In other words, through the CAR teachers can improve learning
practices to become more effective. Action research is classroom-based research conducted by teachers in order to
reflect upon and evolve their teaching. It is a systematic, documented inquiry into one aspect of teaching and learning in a specific classroom. The purpose
of teacher research is to gain understanding of teaching and learning within
one’s classroom and to use that knowledge to increase teaching efficacy or student learning. Reflective teachers do this every day, only not as carefully
and systematically. With training and support, you can learn how to systemize your inquiry from informal reflection and teacher story sharing to formal
research.
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Robert L. Linn and Norman E. Gronlund, Measurement and Assessment in Teaching. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1995, p.349
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Kunandar, Langkah Mudah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Sebagai Pengembangan Profesi Guru, Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada, 2008, pp. 45-46
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Jannifer Kevorkian, Conducting Action Research in Foreign Language Classroom. New York: Northeast Conference, 1998, p. 1.
