Event Data and Data Sources
It means that classroom action research is an on-the job problem, problem- solving, action and improvement-
oriented. Cohen and Manion said that it’s a situational, contextual, small scale, practice, flexible, adaptive, self-evaluation and
participatory research. The writer concludes that classroom action research is formative, subjective, interpretive, reflective, and experiential model of an education
research based on an inquiry that arises during teaching learning activities. Dave Ebbutt cited in Hopkins, 1985 said that action research is about the
systematic study of attempts to improve educational practice by group of participants by means of their own practical action and by means of their own reflection upon the
effects of those actions
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. So, the researcher can see the improvement from the action that he does, the result of what he did whether it is successful or not. While, Jhon
Elliot defines action research as: “Action research is the process through which teachers collaborate in
evaluating their practice jointly; raise awareness of their personal theory; articulated a shared conception of values; try out new strategies to render the
values expressed in their practice more consistent with educational values they espouse; record their work in a form which is readily available to and
understandable by other teachers; and thus develop a shared theory of
teaching by research practice.”
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Based on the definition above, Classroom Action Research is an effective medium in improving the quality of English teachers’ performance in instruction as
well as students’ achievement in learning English in classroom. In Classroom Action
Research, English teacher assesses the effectiveness of their teaching activities and plan the improvement based on the result of the assessment. Classroom Action
Research for English instruction is aimed at developing innovative instructional strategy that can help enhance the success in students’ learning English.
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Suwandi, Sarwiji, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas PTK dan Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Surakarta: Yuma Pustaka, 2010, p. 9
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Mark R. Young and Collegue, Journal of Instruction Pedagogies, Action Research: Enhancing Classroom Practice and Fulfilling Education Responsibilities. P. 1.