cable car. At night, we w atched “Song of the Sea” wow...
it’s amazing. All audiences looked satisfied to watch the show. Unfortunately, we didn’t visit ‘Universal Studio’
because of the time.
On thursday morning , we prepared everything to go
back to our lovely country. I brought a doll for my younger sister, some t-shirt for my brothers and nice brooches for my
beloved mother.
Re-orientation It’s an exiting experience for me.
Adapted from Learning More English 2 for grade VIII Junior High School
15
C. Instructional Media 1. The Definition of Instructional Media
There are a lot definitions related to instructional media. The first, Nkuuhe in Seth stated that “instructional media are all devices and materials used in the
teaching and learning process ”.
16
The second, Nyame-Kwarteng in Seth defined “instructional media are the various materials that appeal to the five senses-
seeing, hearing, touching, feeling and tasting which enhance teaching and learning
”.
17
The third, Scanlan in Ruis said that:
18
Instructional media encompasses all the materials and physical means an instructor and teacher might use to implement instruction and facilitate
learners achievement of instructional objectives. This may include traditional materials such as chalkboards, handouts, charts, slides,
overheads, real objects, flash card and videotape or film, as well newer materials and methods such as computers, DVDs, CD-ROMs, the Internet,
and interactive video conferencing.
15
Titie Surtiyah K. et al., Learning More English 2 for grade VIII Junior High School, Bandung: Grafindo Media Pratama, 2014, p. 97.
16
Owusu Koranteng Seth, “Instructional Media as a Tool for Ensuring Quality Teaching and Learning for Pupils in Junior High School”, Thesis Kumasi: Kwame Nkrumah University of
Science and Technology, 2009, p. 13, unpublished.
17
Ibid.
18
Nuhung Ruis et al., Instructional Media, Jakarta: Center for Development and Empowerment of Teachers and Education Personnel, 2009, p. 2.
In short, instructional media are all media such as visual media, audio media, audio-visual media and etc. used by the teacher to support teaching and learning
activity in the classroom.
2. The Kinds of Instructional Media
There are many instructional media that can be used in teaching and learning activity. Mulyana in Ruis classified the instructional media for language teaching
into:
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a. Games and Simulation, some examples of game: Simon says, Scrabble, Bingo, Words puzzle. Some examples of simulation: role playing, socio drama,
psycho drama, puppet show. b. Visual media, for example: a black board, flannel board, magnetic board, wall
chart, flash card, reading box, reading machine, module, picture card, slide, film, OHP.
c. Audio media, for example: radio, recordings, record player. d. Audio-visual media, for example: voiced slide, film, TV, Video Tape Recorder.
According to Vernon in Ruis, he mentioned that there are six kinds of media:
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a. Drawing and teacher mode drawings b. Still pictures
c. Audio recording d. Motion picture and TV
e. Real object, simulation, and model f. Programmed and computer assisted instruction
Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that generally, there are three kinds of instructional media: audio, visual, and audio-visual media. Audio
media are media that can be listened, visual media are media that can be seen, and audio-visual media are media that can be seen and listened.
19
Ibid., p. 6.
20
Ibid., p. 4.
