In short, instructional media are all media such as visual media, audio media, audio-visual media and etc. used by the teacher to support teaching and learning
activity in the classroom.
2. The Kinds of Instructional Media
There are many instructional media that can be used in teaching and learning activity. Mulyana in Ruis classified the instructional media for language teaching
into:
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a. Games and Simulation, some examples of game: Simon says, Scrabble, Bingo, Words puzzle. Some examples of simulation: role playing, socio drama,
psycho drama, puppet show. b. Visual media, for example: a black board, flannel board, magnetic board, wall
chart, flash card, reading box, reading machine, module, picture card, slide, film, OHP.
c. Audio media, for example: radio, recordings, record player. d. Audio-visual media, for example: voiced slide, film, TV, Video Tape Recorder.
According to Vernon in Ruis, he mentioned that there are six kinds of media:
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a. Drawing and teacher mode drawings b. Still pictures
c. Audio recording d. Motion picture and TV
e. Real object, simulation, and model f. Programmed and computer assisted instruction
Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that generally, there are three kinds of instructional media: audio, visual, and audio-visual media. Audio
media are media that can be listened, visual media are media that can be seen, and audio-visual media are media that can be seen and listened.
19
Ibid., p. 6.
20
Ibid., p. 4.
3. The Advantages of Using Instructional Media
Ruis et al. said that there are some advantages of using instructional media in a classroom teaching, namely:
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a. Instructional media is increased the learners’ experiences.
b. Instructional media is reached everything out of the class, such as:
markets, stations, harbors, bacteria, virus, etc. c.
Instructional media is created the possible direct interaction between d.
learners and their environment. e.
Media is produced some observation done by the learners to achieve the teachers’ aims.
f. Media is kept the basic, concrete and real concepts of the teaching.
g. Media is aroused the learners’ motivation to learn.
h. Media is integrated the experience from the concrete things to the
abstract ones. i.
Media is avoided the learners bored. j.
Media make the learners easily to understand the instructional materials.
k. Media is reinforced the students’ comprehension.
l. Media is made the teaching-learning process more systematic.
D. Visual Media 1. The Definition of Visual Media
There are many definitions about the term of visual media. Visuals can be defined as things
that can be seen such as posters, charts, chalkboard, flannel graph, flashcards, puzzles, objects
– real, projectors, cartoons, television, computer CD, internet and so on.
22
Ogunranti and Ihongbe defined “visual aids as
any picture, model, object or device which provides tangible visual experience to the learner purposely for introducing, building up and enriching
ideas”.
23
According to Jannah “Visual media is kinds of media that can be seen and can be touched by the teacher also the students related to the subject of the study
”.
24
21
Ibid., p.17
22
M.O.Ashokia, ImprovisationTeaching Aids: Aid to Effective Teaching of English Language, Int J Edu Sci, 2009, p. 3.
23
Grace Ngure et al., Utilization of Instructional Media For Quality Training In Pre-Primary School Teacher Training Colleges in Nairobi Country, Kenya,
ResearchJournali’s Journal of Education Vol. 2, 2014, p. 2.
24
Nurul Jannah, The Use of Visual Media to Improve Descriptive Text in Writing Skill, JP3,Vol. 1, No.13, 2013, p. 2.