Epoche Phenomenological Steps from Moustakas 1994

45 Figure 3.2- Analysis Data of the Phenomenological Study

F. Research Procedures

The researcher was one of tutors in Pengajaran Code. From researcher’s experience upon joining the program, the researcher underwent some perspective transformations after teaching impoverished children in the bank of Code River. Then the researcher conducted an investigation for the transformative phenomena which were undergone by other tutors the research participants. As a common to qualitative research is that the primary instrument used to collect and analyze data is the researcher themselves. As can be expected, certain biases might occur when researchers act as the data collection instrument. Rather than attempting to remove such biases, qualitative research operates on the belief that biases presented by the researcher must be considered, accounted for and monitored to determine their impact on data collection and analysis Merriam, 2009. 46 This belief drove the researcher to conduct research to these five other tutors namely D, Th, T, F and E whether they underwent some perspective transformations. The reasons of choosing these 5 research participants were because they had joined the program as tutors and were as ELESP students, since the study was also aimed at the ELESP. For the instrument and data gathering techniques, the researcher used semi-structural interviews Ary et al., 2010, so that the researcher were flexible and able to was get in-depth information from every research participant. After the researcher gathered the data, the researcher processed them. The researcher used some steps from Moustakas’s analysis data of transcendental phenomenology 1994 namely: 1 Before interviewing and processing the data, the researcher must be neutral, without any position to avoid the bias epoche 2 through phenomenological study, the researcher described some experiences from the studied phenomena, 3 the processed data were verbatim transcripts through some certain steps such as including doing bracketing and horizontalizing phenomenological reduction, and creating the textural and structural description imaginative variation, 4 the researcher then determined the general meaning representing the whole every research participant’s experiences. The researcher also integrated into the textural and structural descriptions. Validity of the data was maintained by returning the processed data to each participant. Then the researcher asked the research participants to re-check the data. They might correct, add and change when the processed data were not in accordance with what they had said in the interview.