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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter the researcher is going to discuss some related literature as the reference theories for the study. There are two parts which will be discussed.
They are theoretical description and theoretical framework.
A. Theoretical Descriptions
In the theoretical description, the researcher presents four parts with regard to the related literature. The first is marginalization in Code River neighborhood.
It discusses how a settlement in the region is marginalized by its situations. The second part is Pengajaran Code as a volunteer tutoring program in the bank of
Code River. It explains that such program enables the research participants’ to transform their perspectives with regard to teachers
’ role in teaching. The third is transformative learning. It narrates the transformative theory through a critical
reflection on their experiences. The last is critical self-reflection on assumptions CSRA. It is a theory of how the research participants transformed their prior
assumptions perspectives after joining the program as tutors through their critical reflection.
1. Marginalization in the Bank of Code River Neighborhood
Jogoyudan is a settlement in the bank of Code River in Yogyakarta. It is precisely located in the north area of the River, Kotabaru. The history of the
settlement was begun in 1970. In 1970, there were only three until five simple
15 houses in the settlement. The houses, in that year, were very simple which was
built from used boxes, sacks and plastic. It was because settlements around Code River were often flooded when cold lava from Mount Merapi was taken away by
rushing water Ayodiya, 2014, P. 27. Therefore people in the settlement built their houses simply. The government itself always planned to displace the
settlement as well, considering the condition. In 1980 there was a figure coming to the settlement who tried to rectify
this messy situation. He was Y.B Mangunwijaya, or some people called it as Romo Mangun. He was a catholic priest, architecture, and humanist. From his
architecture knowledge, he tried to rebuild the settlement more beautifully. His effort was quite success when the houses were rebuilt with some bamboo walls
which were decorated beautiful ornaments in each of them. As the result the government canceled to displace the settlement. This success was also proved by
Aga Khan Award, which was given to Romo Mangun in 1992 in rebuilding the settlement with his architecture design Yahya, 2005.
In 1986, the settlement was hit by a big flood. Knowing the situation, the government re-planned to relocate the settlement. Romo Mangun and people in
the settlement opposed the displacement. Until now, the settlement still exists while some recent rumors say that the settlement, especially in Jogoyudan, will be
displaced again as the result of some businessmen’s plans in building some hypermarkets, hotels and offices. The rumor is strengthened by the fact that
people in the settlement do not have the property right for their land. Administratively the settlement is located in Kotabaru. The property right of north
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