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3. Transformative Learning
According to Clark 1991, transformative learning theory is the process of perspective transformations. Mezirow 1991 adds that the theory happens when
learners change their meaning schemes specific beliefs, attitudes, and emotional reactions, by engaging in a critical reflection on their experiences. Thus, the idea
of the transformative learning theory is a theoretical framework of a study to investigate
research participants’ meaningful experiences by engaging a critical reflection in which it enables them to change their meaning schemes.
4. Perspective Transformations
Tennant 2007 describes perspective transformations as a developmental progress a new world view rather than simply developmental progress in a
taken-for-granted world. In this study, the researcher investigated the perspective transformations of the five ELESP students upon joining Pengajaran Code as
tutors.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter the researcher is going to discuss some related literature as the reference theories for the study. There are two parts which will be discussed.
They are theoretical description and theoretical framework.
A. Theoretical Descriptions
In the theoretical description, the researcher presents four parts with regard to the related literature. The first is marginalization in Code River neighborhood.
It discusses how a settlement in the region is marginalized by its situations. The second part is Pengajaran Code as a volunteer tutoring program in the bank of
Code River. It explains that such program enables the research participants’ to transform their perspectives with regard to teachers
’ role in teaching. The third is transformative learning. It narrates the transformative theory through a critical
reflection on their experiences. The last is critical self-reflection on assumptions CSRA. It is a theory of how the research participants transformed their prior
assumptions perspectives after joining the program as tutors through their critical reflection.
1. Marginalization in the Bank of Code River Neighborhood
Jogoyudan is a settlement in the bank of Code River in Yogyakarta. It is precisely located in the north area of the River, Kotabaru. The history of the
settlement was begun in 1970. In 1970, there were only three until five simple
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