6 declarative clauses could be used with the right intonation to show questions,
but they did not say that it is a types of question Biber et al, 1999, p. 203. Downing and Locke 2003 also state that questions are divided into four types,
but they used different names for the questions. The types are polar interrogative yesno questions, alternative questions, non-polar interrogative wh-
questions or information questions, and tag questions pp. 186 - 189 and pp.
202 - 206. Quirk et al 1972 state that question are divided into five types. They
are yesno questions, tag questions, declarative questions, wh-questions, and alternative questions
pp. 387 - 400. Lock 1996 states that the types of
question are yesno interrogative questions, wh-interrogative questions, tag questions, and declarative mood questions
pp. 181 - 185. The writer compares and synthesizes all the types of question into five
types. They are wh-questions, yesno questions, tag questions, declarative questions
, and alternative questions. The questions which are not included in the five types of questions are included into atypical question.
a. WH-Questions
WH-question is a question which uses a question word to begin the
question. Quirk et al 1972 state that question words are what, who, when, where, why, how, whom, whose, and which
pp. 394 - 395. There are also abbreviated questions which consist of question word + final preposition such as
Where fromto? What forwith? Who withby? . Besides, there are abbreviated
questions that consist of a question word only such as What? Who? Where? Why?
Quirk et al, 1972, p. 396. On the other hand, Biber et al 1999 state that PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
7
wh-questions which missing one or more parts of the sentence called elliptical
questions p. 205. These are the examples of wh-questions:
1.1 What are you doing?
1.2 Who came to visit you?
1.3 When did they arrive?
1.4 Where can I find a pen?
1.5 Why aren‟t you coming with us?
1.6 How does he drive?
Azar and Hagen, 1981, p. 443
b. YesNo Questions
Yesno questions expect that the answer of the question is yes or no. Besides, there are other answer which is indicating various degrees of certainty
definitely, certainly, perhaps, etc Biber et al, 1999, p. 206. The example is, A: Do you think this dress will good for me? B: Maybe Biber et al, 1999, p. 206.
Yesno questions are formed by placing the operator before the subject and using
question intonation rise or fall + rise Quirk et al, 1972, p. 387. In this study, the writer divided yesno questions by the operators and the orientation. There are
four different operators. They are to be, dodoesdid, modals, and havehas. The yesno questions
have positive and negative orientation. The yesno
questions have two functions. The first function is clarifying
about the information Quirk et al, 1972, p. 389. When the speaker does not understand a statement, the speaker asks a question. There are some examples of
yesno question: 2.1
Is Frank writing a book? 2.2
Has the boat left? 2.3
Was our team beaten? 2.4
Could he have broken his leg? 2.5
Will you be waiting for me? PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
8 2.6
Do his methods bring success? 2.7
Does he like Dickens? 2.8
Did the bus arrive late? Quirk et al, 1972, pp. 387-388
The eight questions above are the examples of yesno questions which are
used to clarify the unclear information. Questions numbers 2.1 until 2.5 consist of
operator +subject + predication and the speaker only needs yes or no as the
answer. Besides, questions number 2.6 until 2.8 helped by do because the
sentences do not use to be. The second function of yesno question is asking permission or obligation Quirk et all, 1972, p. 393.
2.9 Can I leave now?
2.10 May I leave now?
2.11 Must I leave now?
2.12 Do I have to leave now?
2.13 Does no one understand me?
2.14 Isn‟t you computer working?
2.15 Didn‟t someone come last week?
Quirk et all, 1972, p. 393
Yesno questions have also negative orientation. The negative orientation
often express disappointment or annoyance Quirk et al, 1972, p. 389. Quirk et al also state that the negative questions could order as the full or enclitic negative
particle p. 390.
c. Tag Questions
