36
simile, conceit, and analogy, deserve to be claimed as unrivalled prominence in the discussion of poetry.
This research is not the same as those two previous researches. Using objective criticism, this research focuses on analyzing the employment of
figurative language to express the speakers’ love which they assume to be different from common people’s love in John Donne’s “A Valediction:
Forbidding Mourning” and “The Sun Rising.” To be able to analyze the love expression in those two poems, the researcher uses objective theory to identify the
types of figurative language employed by John Donne as well as their significances in expressing love.
C. Conceptual Framework
This research tries to make an analysis of love differences between common people and the speaker of “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” and “The Sun
Rising” through the employment of figurative language. The researcher means to answer three objectives that are analyzed in this research. The first is the kinds of
figurative language employed by John Donne in the texts. The second is the significance of figurative language to express love. The last one is the way the
love of the speakers of “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” and “The Sun Rising” different from the love of common people through the employment of the
figurative language. To investigate and answer her three research questions, the researcher employs
the objective criticism and theory of figurative language. Based on the theory, the researcher finds that the figurative language consists of ten types: metaphor,
37
simile, personification, paradox, irony, metonymy, synecdoche, hyperbole, apostrophe, and symbol.
38
39
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design
This study is a qualitative research. Strauss and Cobin in Snape and Spencer, 2003: 3 argue that qualitative research produces non statistical findings.
Vanderstoep and Johnston 2005:7 also state that “qualitative research produces narrative or textual descriptions
of phenomena under study.” The aim of qualitative research is to provide an in-depth and interpreted
understanding of the experiences, perspectives, and histories of the research participants Snape and Spencer, 2003: 3. The same argument is also stated by
Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 167 that “the goal is to understand, in depth, the viewpoint of a research participant.” Vanderstoep and Johnston explain further
that this kind of research cannot be generalized since different participants will result in different interpretations. Based on this realization, the data of this
research should be performed in more descriptive way rather than predictive one. The technique of qualitative research used in this study was textual analysis.
According to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 211, the textual analysis focuses on meaning of the text that
is analyzed from the perspective of the speaker’s intent, the audience’s reaction, and the historical or cultural context. This
technique can be applied to any kinds of texts that carry symbolic meaning.
B. Data and Data Sources
Given 2008: 185 states that data is “a collection of information.” The collected of information which is meant by Given can be in the form of numbers,
