classes, four second grade classes and three third grade classes. There are also one big teacher’s room, a hall, two teaching labs, a music studio, and several toilets.
This observation was conducted into an English class of Grade eighth. The class is big that consists of 18 tables and 36 chairs. The class has enough high levels of light and
ventilation because there are a range of windows in the left side of the classroom and one big hanging fan in the middle of ceiling class. There is also a white board in the
classroom. 3. Participants
The participants were the students of class 8c grade eightof SMP BOPKRI III Yogyakarta. The class consists of 31 students with seventeen boys and fifteen girls. In
this study, the English teacher acted as the collaborator
C. Data Collection
1. Type of Data Data collection techniques are both qualitative and quantitative in nature. The data
qu alitative are in the form of observation before, during and after the classroom’s
activities; also the social activities out of the classroom. The data are obtained by observing both the teacher and the students’ interaction and by having interviews. The
data quantitative is in the form of pre and post-test. 2. Data analysis technique
As stated before, the data were in the form of qualitative, and then it was supported by quantitative data. In gaining qualitative data, the researcher used observation
and interview. The results of those are field notes and interview transcripts. All the data were interpreted and analyzed. They were connected to the relevant theories. After that,
the outcomes of the data were reported from the beginning to the end. For quantitative data, the researcher conducted reading comprehension tests; a
pretest and posttest. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis. In this analysis, the mean is used as the representation from central tendency. To find whether there was a
significant improvement or not, a t-test was also conducted.
3. Techniques of data collection The researcher collected the data by using:
a. Observation The data was collected by making a note of the circumstances happened during
the teaching learning process in the classroom. b. Interview
The interview was held by recording the interviewee. The teacher and the students will be interviewed before, during, and after the action. To do this, the researcher will use
interview guidelines. c. Reading Comprehension Test
To support the qualitative data, the researcher also took the quantitative data. The quantitative data were in the form of students’ reading comprehension test scores. The
tests were conducted before pre-test and after the action post-test.
D. Validity and Reliability
According to Anderson et al. in Burns 1999: 161, there are some criteria of validity needed in an action research study to get valid data. Those are democratic
validity, outcome validity, process validity, catalytic validity and dialogic validity.
1. Democratic validity It can be fulfilled by having discussion with the collaborators and by doing
interviews and observations. The discussion will be done during the research. The researcher and the collaborator, the English teacher, will try to find the problems, and the
possible solutions to cope with the problems by choosing the actions to be applied. 2. Outcome Validity
Outcome validity is related to the notion of actions leading to the result that are successful within the research context. If there is significance improvements during the
actions implemented from the beginning to the end, it can be said that the research is successful.
3. Process validity
