Figure 2.1: Kemp`s Instructional Design Model 1977: 8
Pre - Assessment
Subject Content
Learning Objectives
Learner Characteristics
Goals, Topics, and
General Purposes
Evaluation
Support Services
Teaching Learning
Activities, Resources
b. Dick Carey’s model
Dick Carrey say that instructional process itself can be viewed as a system. The components of the system are the learners, the
instructor, the instructional materials, and the learning environment. These components interact in order to achieve the goal. A system view
sees the preparation, implementation, evaluation, and revision of instruction as one integrated process 2005: 2-3. Dick Carey 2005:
6-8 suggest that there are ten components of system approach model. They are:
1 Identify instructional goal s
The firs step in the model is to determine what it is that the materials designer wants learners to be able to do when they have
completed the instruction. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2 Conduct instructional analysis
After the materials designer has identified the instructional goal, the designer materials will determine step-by-step that people are
doing when they perform that goal. The final step in the instructional analysis process is to determine what skills,
knowledge, and attitudes, known as entry behavior, are required of learner to be able to begin the instruction.
3 Analyze learners and context
There is a parallel analysis of the learners, the context in which they will learn the skills, and the context in which they will use
them. Learner’s current skills, preferences, and attitudes, and the setting in which the skills will eventually be used.
4 Write performance objectives
The materials designer will write specific statement of what the learners will be able to do when they complete the instruction.
These statements, which are derived from the skills identified in the instructional analysis, will identify the skills to be learned, the
conditions under which the skills must be performed, and the criteria for successful performance.
5 Develop assessment instruments
Based on the objective the materials designer has written, the materials designer will develop assessments that are parallel to and
measure the learner’s ability to perform what you described in the objectives.
6 Develop instructional strategy
Based on information from the five preceding steps, the materials designer will identify the strategy that the materials designer will
use in the instruction to achieve the terminal goal. The strategy will emphasize components to foster student learning including pre-
instructional activities, presentation of content, learner participant, assessment, and follow-through activities.
7 Develop and select instructional materials
In this step, the materials designer will use the instructional strategy to produce the instruction. This typically includes
guidance for learners, instructional materials, and assessments. 8
Design and conduct formative evaluation of instruction Following the completion of a draft of the instruction, a series of
evaluations is conducted to collect data that are used to identify how to improve the instruction.
9 Revise instruction
The final step in the design and development process and the first step in a repeat cycle is revising the instruction.
10 Design and conduct summative evaluation
Although summative evaluation is the culminating evaluation of the effectiveness of instruction, it generally is not a part of the
design process. It is an absolute andor relative value or worth of the instruction and occurs only after the instruction has been
formatively evaluated and sufficiently revised to meet the standard of the designer.
Dick Carey say that the model includes ten interconnected boxes which represent set of theories, procedures, and technique employed by
the instructional designer to design, develop, evaluate, and revise instruction. It is described in the following diagram.
Design and Conduct
Summative Evaluation
Design and Conduct
Formative Evaluation
of Instruction
Develop and Select
Instructional Materials
Develop Instructional
Strategy Develop
Assessment Instruments
Revise Instruction
Write Performance
Objectives
Analyze Learners
and Context
Conduct Instruction
al Analysis
Figure 2.2: Dick Carey’s Model 2005: 1
Identify Instructional
Goal s
2. Curriculum
