5 the people around him since the people see him as a person who likes to observe
and keep quiet about things that happened. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the theories that become the base in analyzing the novel. Thus, this chapter is divided into three parts. The first part is the review of
related theories. The second part is the theoretical framework that explains how the theories are applied in analyzing the novel. The third part is the criticism
which provides the review of the novel by a critic. The fourth part is the context of the novel.
A. Review of Related Theories
This part deals with the related theories used as the base in analyzing the topic of the true meaning of wallflower as seen in Charlie’s character. The
theories used in this study are psychological approach, theory of character, theory of characterization, theory of motivatio n, theory of personality, literal meaning
and true meaning and Post Traumatic Stress-Disorder PTSD.
1. Character
According to Abrams 1999, characters are the persons that are presented in a dramatic or narrative work. Those persons are interpreted by the reader with
their capability in a particular moral, intellectual, and emotional quality by assumptions from what the persons say. They are can also be interpreted through
their distinctive ways of saying or the dialogue as well as
from what they do or the
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action
p. 32. From the beginning to the end of a work, a character may remain essentially stable in attitude and temperament, or undergo a radical change, either
through a gradual process of development or as the result of a crisis p. 33. Stanton 1965 uses the term character in two ways. First it designates the
individuals who appear in the story. This can be found in the question of how many characters there are in the story. The second, it refers to the mixture of
interests, desires, emotions and moral principles that makes up each of these individuals. This can be answered in the question of how the character is
described p. 17. In most stories, there is a certain central character that is relevant to every event in the story. The events in the story usually cause some
changes either in him or in the reader’s attitude towards him. A character’s reason for behaving as he does is his motivation. His specific motivation is his immediate
reason which perhaps is unconscious reason or any particular speech or act. His basic motivation is an aspect of his general character. It is the continuing desire or
intention that governs him throughout the story. While Forster in Abrams, 1999 emphasizes that character are not real
people but rather like real people. Characters’ lives are different from real lives.
Common activities such as sleeping and eating engage little space in the novels while love is greatly over-represented. However, sometimes characters can seem
to be more real than the real people around us because a novelist is able to reveal the character’s hidden life.
Forster divides characters into two which are flat character and round character. According to Forster, flat character, which is also called as a type or
