Similarity and Difference between Code Mixing and Code Switching

2.6 Similarity and Difference between Code Mixing and Code Switching

Code mixing and code switching are well-known traits in the speech pattern of the average bilingual in any human society. Both occur in bilingual communication by using more than one language. In sociolinguistics study, code mixing and code switching are often discussed inseparably although those are hard to differentiate. Code switching occurs by each language which has its own function from two distinct grammatical systems across sentence boundaries and it does purposely. While code mixing is mixing two language where there is main code used in its function but contrastive condition with another one involved which is only as pieces in the utterance of code mixing. Furthermore, Fasold 1984 added that if someone utters as word or phrase from one language when he is speaking in certain language, it is code mixing. But if he utters sentence from one language and clearly it has grammatical construction so the code switching occurs, for example a bilingual two uses two languages alternately toward his partner speaking. Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH The research was conducted by applying quantitative method and qualitative method to analyze the data. Arikunto 2005:12 states that quantitative research applies number from collecting the data, describing the data, until the result of the research. Moreover, the results of the research would be better by applying table, graph, draft, picture, etc. Straus and Corbin in Syamsudin, 2007:73 states that qualitative research is aimed for the research which the discovery is not obtained through statistic procedure or any other calculation form. These two research methods can be used simultaneously, but it is not used tocompare the advantages and disadvantages of each other. Galser and Strauss in Moleong, 2006:22 states that in many cases, both forms of methods are needed, not quantitative test qualitative, but both forms are used together and, when compared, each of which can be used to formulate the theory. There are three kinds of research based on the location of the research as library research, laboratory research and field research Bungin 2005 : 40-41. In this thesis, the writer tries to apply the descriptive qualitative method. Bodgan and Biklen 1982 propose five characteristics of qualitative research as quoted from Sugiyono 2009 :21, they are: a. Qualitative research has the natural setting as the direct source of data and researcher is the key instrument. b. Qualitative research is descriptive. The data collected is in the form of words of pictures rather than number c. Qualitative research is concerned with process rather than simply with outcomes or products. d. Qualitative research tends to analyze their data inductively. e. “Meaning” is essential to the qualitative approach. Universitas Sumatera Utara In this thesis, the design of this research is descriptive qualitative research. Based on the five characteristics of qualitative research as proposed by Bodgan and Bilken, this research will use the nature of the situation as it exists at the time of the collecting data and will be collected in words form. The systematic procedures in conducting the analysis are as follows: a. The location of the research b. The technique of collecting data population and sample c. Identifying the words or sentences in the conversation which belong to code switching and code mixing. d. Classifying and analyzing the types of code switching and the forms of code mixing. e. Calculating each type of code switching and code mixing and determining the most dominant type. f. Drawing some conclusions based on the result of analysis. Galser and Strauss in Moleong, 2006:22 states that in many cases, both forms of methods are needed, not quantitative test qualitative, but both forms are used together and, when compared, each of which can be used to formulate the theory. And also this research was conducted by using library research in which a number of books about linguistics, sociolinguistics, and code choice. Nawawi 1993:30 states that library research is carried out by accumulating all the data from various literatures either in library or in other places.

3.1 Data and Data Source