Literature Review LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPTS, AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

study is the Blundell’s theory as the main theory and the Jacobson’s and Haliday’s theory as the supporting theories. Third, Krismayanthi 2010 in her undergraduate thesis entitled Functions of English Conversation Used Between Staff of Agung Rai Museum of Art Ubud and The English Speaking Tourists investigated the language functions used by the staff of Agung Rai Museum and English speaking tourists. The study of this thesis focused on the language functions used to give information and to find out the conversation activities among the staff members of the museum and the English speaking tourists. The strength of this study is that it explains the topic and the tourists as the interlocutors. The weakness of this study is that it focused to the staff members. The theory used in this study is proposed by Leech as the main theory and the theory proposed by Trudgill as the supporting theory. And one international journal used is entitled Function of Language by John Benjamins. This journal explored the functionalist perspective of the organization and use of natural language. It publishes articles and reviews books from the full spectrum of functionalist linguistics, seeking to bring out the fundamental unity behind the various schools of thought, while stimulating discussion among functionalists. It encourages the interplay of theory and description, and provides space for the detailed analysis, qualitative or quantitative, of linguistic data from a broad range of languages. Its scope is broad, covering such matters as prosodic phenomena in phonology, the clause in its communicative context, and regularities of pragmatics, conversation and discourse as well as the interaction between the various levels of analysis.

1.2 Concepts

The concepts presented in this research are the concepts of language and the concept of the language function. It is related to the people using the language as the communication tools. If one person is able to speak more than one languages, then, that person will have more interaction especially with the stranger.

2.2.1 Language

Basically, language acts as the communication tool in daily life. Without language the people cannot interact with each other. Every country in the world has national language even one country has more than one languages. All languages have the same function, that is, to communicate and to get any interaction. Language has an important role in daily life. Language is produced by tongue. The tongue is often used to produce the language to make the language clear to hear. According to Oxford Dictionary 1989:700, “language is a system of sound, words, patterns, etc used by humans to communicate thoughts and feelings.

2.2.2 Language Function

Language is very important in human life and, of course, it has functions to express the idea of people to people. The word “language” comes from the Latin word “lingua” which means “tongue” and function has the synonym of the word “use”. Then, the meaning of language function is the way of the people use the language Jacobson, 1973.

1.3 Theoretical Framework

There are some theories applied in this paper to support the research. The main theory in this research is Function of Language for applied linguistics by Jacobson 1973 and the supporting theory in this research is Language,Context and Text: Aspect of Language in a Social - Semiotic Perspective 1985 by Halliday.

1.3.1 Functions of Language according to Roman Jacobson