1. To analyze the types of expressions are used by the tour guides in giving information
to the tourists. 2.
To analyze the level of formality of language functions are used in the conversation.
1.4 Scope of Discussion
The Language can be discussed and studied from many points of view. Related to the background and the problems that have been mentioned above, the scope of discussion of this
study focuses on the analysis of language functions used by the tour guides at Taman Ayun. 1.
The analysis of the general expression in language functions, for example: greetings, describing thing, repeating, realizing, wondering, apologizing, asking and giving
suggestion in the conversation. 2.
The analysis the level of formality of language functions are used in the conversation.
1.5 Research Method
The method used in this research was field research, generally characterized as qualitative research. The method can be divided into data sources, method and technique of
collecting data and method and technique of analyzing data.
1.5.1 Data Source
The data in this research were taken directly from the conversations between tour guides and the tourists at Taman Ayun, located at Mengwi, Badung Regency. There were two tour
guides that were recorded during their duty, the first tour guide had two tourists and the second one had only one tourist. The tour guides and the tourists had active conversations during the
research. Therefore, the collected data were complete, it means that the whole expressions in the
conversation were collected. The conversation was on February-March 2016, as there were many tourists visiting Taman Ayun in the afternoon.
1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data
The data in this research were collected through field research; there were several steps done in collecting the data, they are as follows:
- The first step was asking for permission from the management of Taman Ayun Temple.
- Second, the data were collected using a tape recorder at Taman Ayun Temple; it was
important to record the conversation and collect the expression used by the tour guides while handling the tourists.
- Third, while recording the conversation the researcher did not disturb or interrupt the
conversation between the tour guides and the tourists, in order to make conversation more natural.
- Fourth, giving questionaire to the tour guides for the needs of their names, the education
background of tour guides, and what kind of language formality that they use mostly formal, neutral or informal
1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data
The technique of analyzing the collected data in this research was adopted from Jacobson’s theory called six functions of language, which are: referential function, poetic
function, emotive function, conative function, phatic function, and metalingual function. Some steps of analyzing the data are as follows:
- The first step was listening and transferring the recorded conversations into written
dialogues.
