- Second, after the whole conversations were transcribed, the conversations that were
relevant to six functions of language were selected. -
And the last, the levels of formality whether it is formal, neutral or informal were identified.
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPTS, AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
1.1 Literature Review
Language function is an interesting topic to be discussed. Many students of the English Department have done many research on English functions as their under graduate thesis.
Literature review has an important role as the comparison between the previous research and the present study. There are three theses written by students and one international journal were
reviewed. First, Sonny 2005 in Language Functions Used by Waiters at Amandari Hotel explored
the language functions used by the waiters. This study focused on the ability of the waiters at Amandari Hotel to use the language function used with the tourists while describing their menus
and the waiters must have special ability to make the tourists try the menus. The strength of this study is that it discussed more about how the waiters express the language functions. The
weakness of this study is that the problem of the study focused on the error structure. The theory applied in this thesis is Jacobson’s theory as the main theory and Halidays’s theory as the
supporting theory. Second, Purnami 2006 in her study entitled The Analysis of Language Functions in
Conversation Between WaitersWaitresses and Guest at Segara Agung Restaurant explored the language functions used by the waiterswaitresses and Guests. This study focused on the analysis
of expressions in general language functions and how the expressions were applied. The strength of this study is that the writer described the detailed language functions. The weakness of this
study is that it was also concerned with the ungrammatical English. The applied theory in this
study is the Blundell’s theory as the main theory and the Jacobson’s and Haliday’s theory as the
supporting theories. Third, Krismayanthi 2010 in her undergraduate thesis entitled Functions of English
Conversation Used Between Staff of Agung Rai Museum of Art Ubud and The English Speaking Tourists investigated the language functions used by the staff of Agung Rai Museum and English
speaking tourists. The study of this thesis focused on the language functions used to give information and to find out the conversation activities among the staff members of the museum
and the English speaking tourists. The strength of this study is that it explains the topic and the tourists as the interlocutors. The weakness of this study is that it focused to the staff members.
The theory used in this study is proposed by Leech as the main theory and the theory proposed by Trudgill as the supporting theory.
And one international journal used is entitled Function of Language by John Benjamins. This journal explored the functionalist perspective of the organization and use of natural
language. It publishes articles and reviews books from the full spectrum of functionalist linguistics, seeking to bring out the fundamental unity behind the various schools of thought,
while stimulating discussion among functionalists. It encourages the interplay of theory and description, and provides space for the detailed analysis, qualitative or quantitative, of linguistic
data from a broad range of languages. Its scope is broad, covering such matters as prosodic phenomena in phonology, the clause in its communicative context, and regularities of
pragmatics, conversation and discourse as well as the interaction between the various levels of analysis.
1.2 Concepts
