The Technique of Collecting Data

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E. The Technique of Collecting Data

In this classroom action research, the researcher collected the data using qualitative method. Mason and Bramble 1997: 42 state that action research is a research which is designed to uncover effective ways of dealing with real world problems. Action research is not confined to a particular methodology or paradigm. The data of the research which were collected by using qualitative data collection are: observation, interview, and document analysis. 1. Observation In the observational technique, the researcher collected the data from observation, notes, and photograph. An observation is a research procedure in which the researcher watches and records behaviors. It means that observation is a technique of collecting the data that closely watching and noticing classroom events, happening, or interaction, either as a participant in the classroom or as an observer of another teacher’s observation. The researcher conducts an observation on real situation of the teaching and learning process. During the implementation of TGT in the teaching and learning process, the researcher functioned as an active participant teacher and also observer. The researcher observed the process of teaching and learning with the help of the English teacher and an observation sheet which is used to identify the existence of speaking skill during the lesson based on the criteria of test result student’s. When actively engaged in teaching learning process, the researcher observes the outcomes of the teaching. Students’ behavior and students’ activities commit to user are also observed during the lesson. The observation is focused on the improvement of students’ speaking skill. The observer makes notes of all the activities during the lesson, and notes the students’ reaction and respond to the learning. Participant observation is undertaken with at least two purposes: to observe the activities, people, and physical aspects of situation and to engage in activities that provide useful information Spraadloy: 1998 in Mills: 2000. It is recorded on writing form called field notes. The researcher also uses research photographs and video. The photo and video of the teaching and learning process was taken by the observer. 2. Interview The teacher conducts interview in the pre-research, in the process of action and at the end of the research. The researcher makes interview to the teacher and the students. In the pre-research, the researcher makes interview in order to know what problems both the teacher and the students faced especially in learning speaking. The interview given in the process of action and at the end of the research aims to know students’ improvement and how far the action influences the students as seen in the students’ achievement and the students’ behavior towards English lesson. In those interviews, the students were given the same questions with the same sequences. By interviewing the students about their impressions with the lesson given, the researcher could find out how effective the use of TGT is in improving students’ speaking skill based on the criteria. commit to user 3. Document Analysis The aim of this analysis is to provide the information which has been obtained from observation and interview. The results of the observation, interview and document analysis were recorded in the form of field notes which become the raw data of the research. Each field note consists of three parts: the identity of the field note, description, and reflection. The data collection used in this study is summarized in the table: Table 3.5 Table of Collecting Data Steps of the study Participants Technique Data Pre- research Teacher Interview Transcript of interview result Researcher Observation Observation report Students Pre-test Students’ pre-test score Implication Teacher Observation Field notes and research diary Researcher Audio recording Record of the research implementation Observer Photograph Photograph of the TL Researcher Document analysis Photograph of TL process, Lesson plan, lesson task, list of students pre-test and post-test, and answer sheet. Result discussion Teacher Teacher’s diary Transcript of teacher’s diary Students Students’ diary Transcript of students’ diary

F. The Technique of Analyzing Data