DATA ANALYSIS

B. DATA ANALYSIS

The analysis is conducted in two steps. The first step is determining the types of politeness strategies based on Brown and Levinson theory. In the second step Dimension of Sociolinguistics will be used to describe the speaker’s reason in using certain politeness strategy. From the novel, I found 25 data containing command expression and variety of politeness strategies. All of data are taken to be analyzed based on the consideration of form and social dimension.

After classifying the data based on Brown and Levinson’s theory, I found three types of politeness strategies in the novel. They are bald on record, positive politeness, and bald off record.

1. Bald On Record

Datum 01/BO/Sup-Sub

Ruth Tiflin

: I’ve got to cut your hair before long. Breakfast’s on the table. Go on in, so Billy can come.

Jody sat at the long table.

The Description of the Context

When Jody’s family will have breakfast in the morning, Ruth Tiflin, Jody’s mother sees Jody is busy to brush his wet hair. It makes his mother upset because Jody does not go soon to the dining room and he also makes Billy, his father’s employee, waits outside. At home, Ruth Tiflin is a disciplinarian so she wants her son be on time when they have breakfast. Besides, Jody sometimes is late to school because he takes long times to prepare him to go to school. Therefore, she asks him angrily to go in the dining room.

The Analysis of Commands

From the bold sentence, it is found that Ruth Tiflin employs a command. It can be seen from the structure that is using imperative in the bold sentence: “Go on in, so Billy can come.” The sentence can be indicated as a command because Ruth Tiflin orders Jody to go in.

In delivering the command, Ruth orders him by using bald-on-record that is task- oriented. She decides to use the strategy because she is as super- ordinate and she is giving a command to her own son as the subordinate. The reason of the speaker uses the strategy because they have intimate relation between mother and son. The conversation above is influenced by the setting of informal situation between the participants because it happens before breakfast in the kitchen. Therefore, Ruth says the command directly to her son, Jody, without any intention to offend him because she says it with low tone. As a good son, Jody obeys what his mother commands to him by sitting in the dining room.

Datum 03/BO/Sup-Sub

In the kitchen, while Jody washed his face and combed back his hair, Ruth Tiflin

: Don’t you go out until you get a good breakfast in you. Jody

: (He went to the dining room and sat at the long table)

The Description of the Context

When the triangle sounds in the morning, Jody dresses more quickly than usual because he will go with his father before he goes to school. In the kitchen, Ruth is preparing the breakfast when Jody washes and combs back his hair. As a mother, Ruth is When the triangle sounds in the morning, Jody dresses more quickly than usual because he will go with his father before he goes to school. In the kitchen, Ruth is preparing the breakfast when Jody washes and combs back his hair. As a mother, Ruth is

The Analysis of Command

From the conversation above, Ruth says the command to Jody because she has superior status as his mother to Jody as her son who has subordinate status. It can be seen from the structure that is using imperative form in the bold sentence: “Don’t you get out until you get a good breakfast in you.” From the bold sentence, it is plainly seen that Ruth employed bald on record strategy in a command. This strategy is included as task- oriented.

Ruth decides to use the strategy because they have intimate relationship between mother and son. The command does not make Jody feeling offend because he realizes that his mother gives the command for his own goodness. It proves that Ruth cares of his son so much so she says the command baldly in order to make the command effectively. There is also the factor which influences the use of strategy that is the setting of informal situation between the participants because Ruth orders Jody when they are in the kitchen. The situation is relaxed because they will have breakfast in the morning so the formality of the setting is low. Meanwhile, Jody as a good son he always obeys what his mother commands to him.

Datum 04/BO/Sup-Sub

Jody’s father moved over towards the one box stall. Carl Tiflin

: “Come here! He needs a good currying and if I ever hear of you not feeding him or leaving his stall dirty, I’ll sell him off in a minute. Jody

: Mine?

The Description of the Context

The dialogue occurs in the barn in the morning. It happens when Carl takes Jody to the barn with Billy Buck. There, Carl and Billy will give Jody a surprise gift that is a red pony colt but Jody does not know yet then his father orders him to come to the box stall.

After he looks into the box stall he really shocked then steppes back quickly. Jody still does not believe that the red pony is given for him.

The Analysis of Command

In the conversation above, the bold sentence: “Come here!” is a command. It is said by Carl as super ordinate to Jody as subordinate. We can see from the using of imperative form in the bold sentence that is the Verb 1 come.

In accomplishing the command, Carl employed bald on record strategy. It can be seen that Carl says the command baldly with high intonation to his son because Carl wants to show his authority to Jody but there will be high solidarity between them. Besides, the setting of the conversation is informal situation so the formality of the situation is low because they are in the barn at that time.

Datum 05/BO/Eql

The boys : Well, can’t we even lead him around a little? Jody

: He isn’t even halter broke. Come and see the saddle.

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the barn after Jody goes back from school. Some of Jody’s friends come to his house to see Jody’s horse. After they arrive at Jody’s house they run to the barn then they see Jody with his horse. When they see it, they are very excited because they never see a red pony before. Then they ask permission to Jody to lead his horse but Jody does not give them permission because the horse is not strong yet to ride so Jody orders them softly to come and see the saddle on the horse.

The Analysis of Command

From the conversation above, the command sentences is said by Jody as subordinate to his friends as subordinate because they are in the same age so their status is equal. In the bold sentence: “Come and see the saddle.” Jody employs bald on record strategy because they are classmates so there is no distance between them. Jody says the command baldly to make it effectively. The situation when Jody orders his friends is informal and From the conversation above, the command sentences is said by Jody as subordinate to his friends as subordinate because they are in the same age so their status is equal. In the bold sentence: “Come and see the saddle.” Jody employs bald on record strategy because they are classmates so there is no distance between them. Jody says the command baldly to make it effectively. The situation when Jody orders his friends is informal and

Datum 07/BO/Sup-Sub

Billy Buck : Did you blanket him? Jody

: No, I couldn’t find any blanket. I laid some sacks over his back. Billy Buck

: We’ll go down and cover him up after we eat, then.

(Then Billy and Jody walked through the mud to the barn.) The barn was dark and warm and sweet. Billy Buck : “You hold the lantern!

The Description of the Context

After they have dinner, Billy and Jody go to the barn to check the condition of Jody’s horse. Because the situation of the barn is dark and Billy wants to check the condition of Jody’s horse then he commands Jody to hold the lantern.

The Analysis of Command

The command sentence is said by Billy as super-ordinate to Jody as subordinate. As in the bold sentence: “You hold the lantern!” Billy employs a command directly to get Jody to do something with the sentence. The command that he employs is the same as his need. Thus, he employs bald on record strategy that is emergency for issuing the command. Billy employs the strategy because they have intimate relationship so there is no distance between Jody and Billy, even tough Billy is Carl’s employee. Therefore, Jody has a duty to obey his command.

Datum 08/BO/Sup-Sub

Jody : He’s awful sick, Billy. Billy Buck : Just a little cold, like I said. You go get some breakfast and then go back to school. I’ll take care of him.

Jody : But you might have to do something else. You might leave him. Billy Buck : No, I won’t leave him at all. Tomorrow’s Saturday then you can stay with him all day.

The Description of the Context

The conversation happens in the barn. It happens in the morning between Billy Buck and Jody. Before Jody has a breakfast, Jody run to the barn because he feels worried about his pony, Gabilan. In the barn, he finds Billy with the pony. Jody sees his pony and

he feels very sad because his pony is awful sick and he is afraid that his pony will not heal from its painful. When Billy sees him, he orders Jody softly to have breakfast and go back to school even tough he knows that Jody still wants to stay with his pony.

The Analysis of Command

In the conversation, Billy employs a command directly by applying bald-on-record strategy that is task oriented. He decides to use the strategy because he is as super- ordinate and he is giving a command to Jody as the subordinate .We can see it from the bold sentence:” You go get some breakfast and then go back to school.” Billy orders a command to Jody because Billy wants Jody does not think the pony seriously and it can make Jody not concentrate of his lessons at school.

Even tough Jody is his boss son; he also wants the best thing for Jody because he loves him as his brother so it makes their relationship more intimate. Because of their intimate relationship the solidarity between Billy and Jody is high. There is a good atmosphere during the conversation which happens in the barn so he says the command in low intonation and soft voice. As a young child he must respect the older men and it can

be seen that Jody obeys what Billy command to him.

Datum 09/BO/Sup-Sub

Billy Buck : Jody. I’ve got to do something you won’t want to see. You run up to

the house for a while.

Jody : You’re not going to shoot him?

Billy Buck : No, I’m going to open a little hole in his windpipe so he can breathe. His nose is filled up. Jody

: I’ll stay right here.

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the barn at night. When Jody goes to the barn he sees his horse is gone then he catches the lantern and he finds his horse outside of the barn. After that he put the horse into the stall then he tries to sleep but he can’t because the horse’s breath grows louder and sharper. Jody is glad when Billy comes in to check the horse then he feels the ears and flanks. Billy says to Jody that he has got to do something that Jody will not want to see so he gives a command to him to go to the house for a while.

The Analysis of Command

Based on the dialogue above it can be seen that there is command utterance said by Billy as the super-ordinate to Jody as the subordinate. We can see it from the bold sentence: “You run up to the house for a while” The sentence is in the form of an imperative sentence. He orders a command to Jody because Billy does not want Jody to see what he would do to the horse.

From the conversation, Billy employs a command directly by applying bald on record strategy that is emergency. The situation is strained because Billy wants to operate Jody’s horse immediately in order to make the horse better. He decides to use the strategy since he has a close relationship with Jody. The influence of closeness relationship between the participants in the conversation, it will emerge high solidarity between Billy and Jody. Even tough Billy asks Jody to go with high tone but Jody does not want to go because he wants to accompany the horse. Billy can understand what Jody felt was so he lets him to stay. There is also the factor influenced the using of strategy that is the informality of the setting. It can be found from the conversation which happens in the barn so the formality between the participants is low.

Datum 10/BO/Sup-Sub

Then the triangle rang for breakfast. Billy Buck

: You go up and eat while I wait. We’ve got to keep this hole from plugging up. Jody walked slowly out of the barn.

The Description of the Context

This conversation occurs in the barn in the morning. When Billy hears the sound of triangle he asks Jody to go and have breakfast first. But he orders Jody to help him to keep the hole in Jody’s horse after he has a breakfast then Jody walks out of the barn.

The Analysis of Command

In accomplishing the first command, Billy employs bald on record strategy. We can see from the using of imperative form in the bold sentence: “You go up and eat while I wait.” The command uttered by Billy as super-ordinate to Jody as subordinate. Billy baldly gives the command because he does not want Jody late to have breakfast after they take care of Jody’s horse all night.

Billy decides to use the strategy because they know each other well so they have close relationship. Even tough Jody is his boss’ son; Billy wants the best thing for him. The situation in the barn is relaxed so Billy uses informal language to deliver his command. The factor influences the strategy besides their relationship is the informality of the setting, so there will be low formality between the participants.

Datum 13/BO/Sub-Sup

At length he turned to the boy. Carl Tiflin

: Hadn’t you better come with me? I’m going to drive over the hill. You better come on, out of this. Billy Buck

: Let him alone. It’s his pony, isn’t it? Carl walked away without saying another word.

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the barn in the morning. After have breakfast, Jody runs out of the house then goes to the barn. When Jody and Billy are talking, Carl Tiflin walks into the barn. Then he asks Jody to go with him but Jody refuses it so Carl insists him to go with him but it makes Billy angry because he knows that Jody still wants to accompany the horse.

The Analysis of Command

In the bold sentence in the conversation: “Let him alone” Billy employs a command as subordinate to Carl as super ordinate. He employs a command directly by applying bald on record strategy. In this situation, there is a bad atmosphere between the participants so Billy says the command with a high tone.

Billy decides to use the strategy because they know each other well so they have intimate relationship even tough the relationship between them is boss and employee. He is quite prepared to take the opposite view to his boss when he feels that Carl is wrong but when Billy gives him a command, it makes Carl’s feeling badly hurt then he walks away without saying another word. Meanwhile, Billy does not feel guilty because he will say and do what he thinks is right.

Datum 14/BO/Sup-Sub

Ruth Tiflin : But we don’t need an extra man here. Gitano

: I can not work hard any more, senora. I can milk a cow, feed chickens; cut a little wood, no more. I will stay here. Here are my things. Ruth Tiflin

: Run down to the barn and call your father.

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the outside of the house in the afternoon. It happens when Jody sees a stranger who comes to his house then Jody calls his mother, Ruth Tiflin. After Ruth meets the man she asks his name then he says his name is Gitano. He comes to Jody’s house because he believes that he was born there so he wants to stay in

Jody’s house. So she asks Jody to call his father, Carl Tiflin because she does not want to make own decision about Gitano.

The Analysis of Command

From the conversation above, the command sentences is said by Ruth as super ordinate to her son, Jody as subordinate. In the bold sentence: “Run down to the barn and call your father” She directly employs a command and we can see from the sentence form. It is an imperative form. Ruth decides to use bald on record that is task oriented because as mother Ruth has an authority to give a command to Jody, her son.

There is also the factor which influences the use of strategy that is the setting of informal situation between the participants. The situation is serious because there is a stranger comes to their house. It makes Ruth a little bit afraid because her husband is not being at home. So she gives a command to Jody to call his father. Meanwhile, Jody as a good son he always obeys what his mother commands to him because he knows that his mother, Ruth, needs his father, Carl, to handle the stranger.

Datum 15/BO/Sup-Sub

Carl Tiflin : Come on, Billy, we’ll finish down at the barn. Jody, show him the

little room in the bunkhouse.

Ruth Tiflin : I’ll send some blanket down. Jody

: I’ll show you where it is.

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the front of the house. After the arrival of the stranger at their house that is Gitano, Carl decides that Gitano can stay but only for one night. Before Carl goes to the barn with Billy, Carl orders Jody to show the room where Gitano could stay then Jody asks Gitano to follow him.

The Analysis of Command

From the bold sentence, it is found that Carl as super ordinate employs a command to Jody as subordinate. It can be seen from the structure of the sentence that is the using of From the bold sentence, it is found that Carl as super ordinate employs a command to Jody as subordinate. It can be seen from the structure of the sentence that is the using of

In delivering the command, Carl employs bald on record that is task oriented. He decides to use the strategy because Carl as his father has superior status to command Jody even tough they have intimate relationship. There is a good atmosphere during the conversation because he says the command in low intonation and soft voice. The setting of informal situation in the conversation is also the factor of the using strategy because it will emerge low formality between the participants. It can be found the conversation happens in the front of the house between Jody and Carl Tiflin.

Datum 16/BO/Eql

Carl Tiflin : Did I tell you what I said to him? I said if ham and eggs grew on the slide hills I’d put him out the pasture, like old Easter. Ruth Tiflin

: It’s too bad he can’t stay. Carl Tiflin

: Now don’t you start anything.

The Description of the Context

The conversation happens when they have a dinner. Carl asks some questions to Gitano about his family then Carl makes a joke about Gitano but his joke is not funny. Then his wife, Ruth, gives a response about Carl’s joke which makes Carl angry to her so Carl gives her a command crossly.

The Analysis of Command

The bold sentence: “Now don’t you start anything” is said by Carl as super ordinate to Ruth as super ordinate. He directly employs a command and we can see from the sentence form. It is an imperative form. He decides to use bald on record strategy that The bold sentence: “Now don’t you start anything” is said by Carl as super ordinate to Ruth as super ordinate. He directly employs a command and we can see from the sentence form. It is an imperative form. He decides to use bald on record strategy that

There is a bad atmosphere during the conversation because he says the command in high intonation. If we look at the situation, Carl employs a command to Ruth because he feels that his wife defends Gitano by saying “It’s too bad he can’t stay.” After Carl says the command Ruth realizes that her husband is angry with her so she is only quiet.

Datum 17/BO/Sup-Sub

Jody : What do you do with it? Gitano : Nothing. I just keep it. Jody

: Can’t I see it again? Gitano : You go now. I want to go to bed. He went towards the house.

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the bunkhouse. It happens at night between Gitano and Jody. At night, Jody goes out to the bunkhouse. He sees a light through the window of the little room in the bunkhouse then he walks quietly up to the window. Jody sees Gitano sits in the rocking chair then Jody pushes the door open and walks in. Gitano jerks upright and he tries to throw something but Jody stands overwhelmed by the thing in Gitano’s hand, a lean and lovely blade with a golden basket hilt. When Jody sees it he feels curious and he asks several questions about the blade, it makes Gitano upset then he wraps the blade up and orders Jody to go. He blows out the lamp before Jody has closed the door.

The Analysis of Command

Gitano directly commands Jody to go from his room. He uses imperative form of command as in the bold sentence: “You go now. I want to go to bed.” Here, Gitano employs bald-on-record strategy in issuing a command. In this situation, there is a bad atmosphere between the participants because they are not close one to another. As two Gitano directly commands Jody to go from his room. He uses imperative form of command as in the bold sentence: “You go now. I want to go to bed.” Here, Gitano employs bald-on-record strategy in issuing a command. In this situation, there is a bad atmosphere between the participants because they are not close one to another. As two

Datum 20/BO/Sup-Sub

One morning in September, when Jody had finished his breakfast, Jody’s mother called him into the kitchen. Jody

: Yes, ma’am. Ruth Tiflin

: Watch how I do it. You’ll have to do it after this every other morning. Jody

: Well, what is it? Ruth Tiflin

: Why, it’s warm mash for Nellie. It’ll keep her in good shape.

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the kitchen in the morning. Ruth calls Jody when she is in the kitchen; after Jody comes to the kitchen she asks Jody to watch the making of warm mash because Ruth wants Jody to make it every morning for his horse’s breakfast during its pregnancy.

The Analysis of Command

From the conversation, Ruth employs a command to Jody to watch her in making of warm mash as in the bold sentence: “Watch how I do it.” The command sentence is uttered by Ruth as the super-ordinate to her son, Jody as the subordinate. Ruth employs the command by using bald on record strategy that is task-oriented. She uses the strategy because she knows Jody very well and their relationship between mother and son is very close.

Ruth says the command baldly to make Jody pays attention while his mother makes the warm mash for Jody’s horse. In the conversation, there is a good atmosphere because Ruth uses informal language to deliver the command when they are in the kitchen. Then Jody as a good son he has an obligation to carry out the command.

Datum 22/BO/Sup-Sub

Jody : You won’t let anything happen, Billy, you’re sure you won’t? Billy Buck

: I told you I’d call you, and I will. Now you get back to bed and stop worrying that mare. She’s got enough to do without you worrying her. Jody

: I only thought I’d come and see. I woke up.

The Description of the Context

The conversation occurs in the barn at night. The participants are Jody and Billy Buck. After Jody gets bad dream about his horse, Nellie, he can not sleep again because

he worries with his horse’s condition so he goes to the barn to see his horse. While Jody steps into the stall to touch his horse then Billy Buck’s voice comes from above the stall. Jody asks him about his horse’s condition and Jody wants Billy to take care of his horse. Billy understands what Jody felt and he says he will take care of his horse but he does not want Jody too worry of his horse so Billy gives a command to Jody to get back to his bed because it has been late at night.

The Analysis of Command

The command expression is uttered by Billy as super ordinate to Jody as subordinate. Billy directly says the command with high intonation because he wants to show the authority of the speaker toward the hearer. In accomplishing the command, Billy employs bald-on-record strategy. We can see from the using of imperative form in the bold sentence: “Now you get back to bed and stop worrying that mare.” Billy employs the strategy because they have close relationship even tough Billy is his father’s employee but Jody respects him so much so he obeys what Billy commands to him.

The other factors which influences the use of strategy that is the setting of informal situation between the participants. It can be seen during the conversation they are in the barn at night so the situation is relaxed and it makes the low formality between Billy and Jody.

Datum 23/BO/Eql

Carl Tiflin : Who’s there? What’s the matter there? Ruth Tiflin

: What’s the matter, Carl? Carl Tiflin

: What are you doing out? Jody

: I was down to see the mare. Ruth Tiflin

: Make him clean his feet and go to bed, Carl. He’ll be sleepy all day tomorrow.

The Description of the Context

The conversation happens at night between Jody and Carl Tiflin. After Jody goes to the barn to see his horse, he goes back to his house through the kitchen quietly but Jody stumbles over a chair then Carl hears the voice from the kitchen. He comes out of the bedroom then he finds Jody before Jody can get into bed. Carl is angry because Jody goes to the barn quietly without asking his permission. From the bedroom, Ruth hears their conversation then she orders Carl to make Jody go to bed because it has been late at night.

The Analysis of Command

From the conversation, the command expression is uttered by Ruth Tiflin to her husband, Carl Tiflin. She orders him a command because she hears that her husband is angry with Jody so from the bedroom Ruth says the command to him “Make him clean his feet and go to bed, Carl” then Carl obeys what his wife command to him.

It can be seen that between the participants there is high solidarity because they have intimate relationship as husband and wife so their status is equal. The setting of situation in the conversation is informal because it happens at night and Ruth also says the command indirectly from the bedroom with soft intonation.

Datum 24/BO/Sup-Sub

Ruth Tiflin : What’s the matter with you? Carl Tiflin

: It’s just that he talks. Just talks.

Ruth Tiflin : Well, what of it? You talk yourself. Carl Tiflin

: Sure, I d. but your father only talks about one thing

Jody : Indians! Indians and crossing the plains! Carl Tiflin

: You get out, Mr. Big Britches! Go on, now!Get out!

Jody went miserably out the back door and closed the screen with elaborate quietness.

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the kitchen between Carl Tiflin and Ruth Tiflin, his wife. After receiving the letter from Ruth’s father, Carl seems unhappy because his father in law will come. Because of his coming, Ruth and Carl have a conflict and suddenly Jody break into the kitchen. Then his father turns fiercely on him and orders him to get out because Jody disturbs them.

The Analysis of Command

Based on the dialogue above it can be seen that there is command utterance said by Carl as the super-ordinate to Jody as the subordinate. We can see it from the bold sentence: “You get out, Mr. Big Britches! Go on, now !Get out!” The sentence is in the form of an imperative sentence. Carl orders a command to Jody because Jody disturbs his parents when they are debating about his grandfather coming.

From the conversation, Carl employs a command directly by applying bald on record strategy that is task oriented. Carl directly says the command with high intonation because he wants to show the authority of the speaker toward the hearer. The situation is strained because Carl and Ruth have a conflict when Jody suddenly breaks into the kitchen. Carl decides to use the strategy since he has a close relationship with Jody. The influence of closeness relationship between the participants in the conversation, it will emerge high solidarity between Carl and Jody.

2. Positive Politeness

Datum 02/PP/Sup-Sub

Carl Tiflin : You’d better go to bed, Jody. I’m going to need you in the morning.

Jody : What are we going to do in the morning, kill a pig? Carl Tiflin

: Never you mind. You better get to bed. Then, the door was closed.

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the living room and in the Jody’s bedroom. It happens between Jody and Carl Tiflin, his father. After they have dinner, Jody sits by the fireplace and he waits for his father to tell him some stories about Carl’s journey to Salinas but he is disappointed because his father gives a command to him to go to bed by pointing his stern finger at Jody. Then Jody and Carl go to Jody’s bedroom but he can not sleep because he still feels curious about what they will do tomorrow then he asks his father softly. But Carl does not want to tell him about the plan then he emphasizes the command to Jody again.

The Analysis of Commands

From the conversation, Carl employs a command to Jody to go to bed by pointing his stern finger as in the first bold sentence: “You’d better go to bed, Jody. I’m going to need you in the morning.” The command sentence is said by Carl as the super-ordinate to Jody as the subordinate. From the first bold sentence Carl employs positive politeness strategy in a command. The factor which influences Carl to use the strategy because between the participants they have close relationship and there is no distance between father and son. Therefore, he says the commands softly with low tone because Carl uses informal language when they are in Jody’s bedroom.

In the second bold sentences Carl emphasizes the command again: “You better get to bed.” He delivers the command again because Jody still curious and asks him about the plan tomorrow. Unfortunately, Carl does not want to tell him about the plan then he emphasizes the command again in order to make Jody to sleep soon. In the second bold sentence Carl also gives the command with low intonation because he knows that Jody only wants to know more about what they will do tomorrow. Then Jody as a good son he has responsibility to carry out the command by going to bed.

Datum 06/PP/Sup-Sub

Billy Buck : Did you blanket him? Jody

: No. I couldn’t find any blanket. I laid some sacks over his back. Billy Buck

: We’ll go down and cover him up after we eat, then.

The Description of the Context

This conversation occurs in the dining room at night. When they have a dinner, Billy asks Jody about his horse whether he has given his horse blanket then Jody answers he can not find any blanket in the barn. Feeling guilty, Billy asks him to cover his horse together after they eat.

The Analysis of Command

In the bold sentence in the conversation: “We’ll go down and cover him up after we eat, then.” Billy employs a command as super ordinate to Jody as subordinate. The pre condition of the conversation makes Billy able to employ the command. First, Billy feels guilty because of him Jody’s horse gets sick. Therefore, Billy indirectly says a command to him because he has the right to command him and Jody has a duty to obey him. Second, the status of Billy as the older person also makes him able to command Jody as the young kid.

The command as in the bold sentence is employed with positive politeness. It can be seen from the use of the word we in the sentence. The word we includes both Jody and Billy Buck in the activity. This shows that they belong to the same group having the common goal. The factor that influences the use of strategy is the relationship between Billy and Jody is so close and the setting of the conversation is informal because the situation at that time is relaxed when they have dinner so there will be high solidarity and low formality between them.

Datum 11/PP/Sup-Sub

Then the triangle rang for breakfast. Billy Buck

: You go up and eat while I wait. We’ve got to keep this hole from

plugging up.

Jody walked slowly out of the barn.

The Description of the Context

This conversation occurs in the barn in the morning. When Billy hears the sound of triangle he asks Jody to go and have breakfast first. But he orders Jody to help him to keep the hole in Jody’s horse after he has a breakfast then Jody walks out of the barn.

The Analysis of Command

The command sentence is said by Billy as super ordinate to Jody as subordinate. As in the bold sentence: “We’ve got to keep this hole from plugging up.” Billy gives a command to Jody because he has a higher power than Jody so he employs a command indirectly by using positive politeness.. It can be seen from the using of the word we in the sentence. The word we includes both Jody and Billy Buck in the activity. This shows that they belong to the same group having the common goal.

The using of strategy because they have intimate relationship so it will emerge the high solidarity between Billy and Jody and there is a good atmosphere during the conversation so he says the command in low intonation and soft voice. Moreover, the conversation above is also influenced by the informality of the setting between the participants. It can be seen from the using of language when Billy gives a command to Jody in the barn. As the younger kid, Jody obeys what Billy command to him.

Datum 21/PP/Sup-Sub

One morning in September, when Jody had finished his breakfast, Jody’s mother called him into the kitchen. Jody

: Yes, ma’am. Ruth Tiflin

: Watch how I do it. You’ll have to do it after this every other morning. Jody

: Well, what is it? Ruth Tiflin

: Why, it’s warm mash for Nellie. It’ll keep her in good shape.

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the kitchen in the morning. Ruth calls Jody when she is in the kitchen; she wants Jody to see her making warm mash for Jody’s horse, Nellie, and then she gives an order to him to make it every morning for Nellie’s breakfast during its pregnancy.

The Analysis of Command

The command expression is delivered by Ruth Tiflin after she shows to Jody how to make warm mash for Nellie. In conducting the expression, Ruth Tiflin uses positive politeness strategy that is attend to hearer because she knows that Jody worries of the horse which being pregnant and as a good mother who cares of her son, Jody, she makes warm mash for Jody’s horse. We can see from the using of the sentence form in the bold sentence: “You’ll have to do it after this every other morning.” It is a command uttered by Ruth as super-ordinate to Jody as subordinate. This command is presented indirectly with low intonation because they have intimate relationship and it will emerge high solidarity between mother and son.

In the conversation, there is a good atmosphere between them because his mother uses informal language to deliver the command. The setting of informality in the conversation also influences the using of the strategy because Ruth and Jody are in the kitchen during the conversation so there will be low formality between the participants.

3. Bald Off Record

Datum 12/OR/Sup-Sub

At length he turned to the boy. Carl Tiflin

: Hadn’t you better come with me? I’m going to drive over the hill. Jody

: (he shook his head) Carl Tiflin

: You better come on, out of this.

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the barn in the morning. After have breakfast, Jody runs out of the house then goes to the barn. When Jody and Billy are talking, Carl Tiflin walks into the barn. Then he asks Jody to go with him.

The Analysis of Command

Based on the dialogue above it can be seen that there is command utterance said by Carl Tiflin as the super-ordinate to Jody as the subordinate. If we look at the situation, Jody’s father says it to make Jody go with him. From the conversation, Jody’s mother employs a command in delivering message to Jody as in the bold sentence: “Hadn’t you better come with me?” Carl Tiflin uses off- record strategy for accomplishing the command. He does not employ imperative form. He expresses the command indirectly by using rhetorical question to him so it will make the command soften.

Moreover, Carl Tiflin thinks surely that Jody will do what he wants him to do because he has a higher power than Jody. Unfortunately, Jody refuses the command by shaking his head because he still wants to accompany his horse after it runs operation. The setting of informal situation in the conversation is also the factor of the using strategy because it will emerge low formality between the participants. It can be found the conversation happens in the barn between Jody and Carl Tiflin.

Datum 18/OR/Sup-Sub

Carl Tiflin : Where have you been? Jody

: I just went out to see if I caught any rats in my new trap. Carl Tiflin

: It’s time you went to bed.

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the living room at night. It happens when Carl sees Jody slips into the living room then Carl asks him where he had been. Then Carl gives a command to Jody to go to bed because it is time to bed for Jody.

The Analysis of Command

The command sentence is said by Carl as super ordinate to Jody as subordinate. As in the bold sentence: “It’s time you went to bed.” Carl employs a command indirectly to Jody. It can be seen from the using of declarative form. Thus, he employs bald off record strategy for issuing the command. Carl employs the strategy because he wants to lessen threat on Jody’s face. Moreover, Carl thinks surely that Jody will do what he wants him to do because he has a higher power than Jody; Jody is his son so Carl can employ any kind of way to ask his son to do something.

Datum 19/OR/Sup-Sub

Ruth Tiflin : Oh, Jody, your father wants to see you before you go to your

chores.

Jody : Ma’am? Ruth Tiflin

: Why don’t you ever listen? I say your father wants to see you. Jody

: Do you- is it something I did?

The Description of the Context

The conversation takes place in the kitchen in the afternoon. Ruth tells Jody that his father wants to see him before he goes to do his chores. But Jody does not pay attention what his mother said because he is still reading the catalogue so she emphasizes the command again.

The Analysis of Command

Based on the dialogue above it can be seen that there is command utterance said by Jody’s mother as the super ordinate to Jody as the subordinate. In accomplishing the first command, Ruth employs bald off-record strategy as in the bold sentence: “Oh, Jody, Based on the dialogue above it can be seen that there is command utterance said by Jody’s mother as the super ordinate to Jody as the subordinate. In accomplishing the first command, Ruth employs bald off-record strategy as in the bold sentence: “Oh, Jody,

a command to see his father before he does his chores but Jody does not pay attention what his mother commands to him. Then Ruth emphasizes the command again in the second bold sentences: “I say your father wants to see you.” She delivers the command again to make Jody pays attention when she was said something so she gives a command indirectly with high tone. After his mother says it then he puts the catalogue and gives a response to his mother by saying “Do you- is it something I did?” Jody responses like that because he feels afraid why his father called him.

Datum 25/OR/Sub-Sup

Grandfather : As I was saying. (Carl interrupted him) Carl Tiflin

: You’d better eat some more meat. All the rest of us are ready for our pudding. Grandfather

: I’m pretty hungry all right, I’ll tell you about that later.

The Description of the Context

The conversation occurs in the dining room at night. When Jody, Carl, Billy, Ruth and Grandfather have a dinner, Grandfather tells a story about Indians but Carl seems does not like to listen the story then he interrupts Grandfather by giving him a command.

The Analysis of Command

In accomplishing the command, Carl employs bald off record. We can see it from the bold sentence “You’d better eat some more meat”. Carl says the command indirectly as sub ordinate to Grandfather as super-ordinate because Carl respects Grandfather without any intention to offend him.

Carl always shows his dislike when he hears his father in law telling a story about Indians because his father in law only tells one story when he comes to Carl’s house. It Carl always shows his dislike when he hears his father in law telling a story about Indians because his father in law only tells one story when he comes to Carl’s house. It