The Background of Study
learning process. Since several years ago, there are some methods and approaches to get the English teaching method effectively. Nowadays, most of educational
institutions use communicative approach in teaching language to imitate foreign language teaching system. In Indonesia, the curriculum implements
communicative approach as teaching foreign language which based on communicative competence. And it entails that the goal of language teaching
cannot be attained by using the aural-oral and the cognitive-code approach anymore. Communicative approach is the most wide spread of all teaching
approaches today which is common in Asian countries including Indonesia.
2
Basically, the communicative approach stresses on communication between the teacher and learners, it has developed a flexibility which allows anything that will
further improve the communicative competence of learners.
3
In language teaching, communicative a
pproach means “An approach which views language as a form of social behavior and sees aim of language teaching as teaching learners
to communicate fluently, appropriately, and spontaneously in cultural context of the target language.
4
From preceding statement, the writer thinks that communicative approach can be a solution to get the goal of language teaching.
The interpretation of communicative competence can be divided into; first, grammatical competence refers to what Chomsky calls linguistic competence and
what Hymes intends by what is” formally possible”. Second, sociolinguistic competence refers to an understanding of the social context in which
communication take place, including role relationships, shared information of the participants, and the communicative purpose for their interaction. Third, discourse
competence refers to the interpretation of individual message elements in terms of their interconnectedness and of how meaning is represented in relationship to the
2
H.G. Widdowson, Teaching Language as Communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3
rd
edition, 1988, p.36
3
Danny D. Steinberg, An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. London: Longman Group Limited, 1930, p.231-232
4
C.J Brumfit and T.J. Robert, A Short Introduction to Language Teaching, London: Batsford Academic and Education Ltd, 1993 p, 182
entire discourse or text. Fourth, strategic competence refers to copying strategies that communicators employ to imitate, terminate, maintain, repair, and redirect
communication.
5
Based on the statement above, the teacher must serve as a facilitator who manages classroom activities. And the students are the communicators that
actively engaged in communication. The class activities are clearly and mostly communicative. And the teacher initiates interactions between the students. And
the teacher serves as an advisor. In one setting, the teacher relies on authentic material taken from the media newspaper, magazines, etc, and in other situation
the teacher must use well designed sets of material. And the students are expected to acquire language forms, meaning, function, and social context. In addition, the
teaching should emphasize the mastery of language function. And errors are tolerated. And the result of evaluation is focused on fluency and accuracy. To
teach grammar as means for communication is difficult, especially for non active students. The students are not only to oblige the knowledge of grammar but also
the students have to use in a real communication. So, it needs a specific method. Communicative may be possible. For years, communicative approach has been
adopted as a method of teaching English in Indonesia. Proponents of communicative approach claim that the teaching objective is the ability to use
English for communication in real-life situation as opposed to classroom situation. Based on the statement above, there are some problems that influence to
communicate each other, that are the structure and the pattern grammar. Most of the linguists state that grammar is still important as one of the language
components that should be taught. Sauvignon said, “Communication cannot take
place in the absence of structure, or grammar, a set of shared as assumptions about how language works, along with a willingness to cooperate in the negotiation of
meaning ”.
6
So, from the statement above, the writer think, to be able to use the
5
. Jack C. Richard and Theodore S. Rodgers, Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, Cambridge University Press, 1986, p. 71
6
. Sandra J. sauvignon, Communicative Language Teaching: State of Art, TESOL Quarterly volume 25, 1991, p.26
language communicatively, the students should have mastered the rules of grammar first. If the students have been taught some pattern and given some drills
to form a habit, the students are expected that the students will be able to communicate in languages that have studied.
To conclude those statement, the writer is going to analyze about communicate approach and its teaching conditional type 1 at SMP ISLAM AL
IKHLAS JAKARTA. Therefore, the title of this paper is
“Teaching Conditional Sentence Type 1 through Communicative Approach: A Pre Experimental Study at Eight grade of SMP ISLAM
AL IKHLAS JAKARTA”