Significances of the Study

reason, it is very important for students to build up the skill of English words, which is vocabulary.

1.2 Kinds of Vocabulary

To know English vocabulary not only tells about the definition, but there are several kinds of vocabulary. The students in learning vocabulary should know kinds of vocabulary in order to the students understand the content of vocabulary. The writer have found about it from some books and journals. The kinds of vocabulary have own meaning to describe the words. In Hiebert’s and Kamil’s book, they describe the kinds of vocabulary into some classes. What complicates the definition of vocabulary is the fact that words come in at least two forms: oral and print. Oral vocabulary is the set of words for which we know the meanings when we speak or read orally, and Print vocabulary consists of those words for which the meaning is known when we write and read silently. And then they continue, that knowledge of words also comes in at least two forms: receptive and productive. Receptive vocabulary or recognition is set of words for which an individual can assign meanings when listening or reading. Productive vocabulary is the set of words that an individual can use when writing or speaking. 5 Based on the statement above, vocabulary is distinguished into some classes such as oral vocabulary, print vocabulary, receptive, and productive vocabulary. Oral vocabulary is focused in speaking or reading orally and print vocabulary is focused in writing or reading silently. Furthermore, receptive vocabulary can assign meanings when listening or reading, and productive vocabulary is used when writing and speaking. The writer think that the kinds of vocabulary above have the same meaning where it is related into English skill in learning such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. 5 Elfrieda H. Hiebert and Michael L. Kamil, Teaching and Learning Vocabulary, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2005, p.3 The kinds of vocabulary in FlaRe paper journal, according to International Reading Association IRA explains has delineated various types of vocabulary into listening vocabulary, speaking vocabulary, reading, writing, and sight vocabulary. Listening vocabulary is the words needed to understand what is heard, speaking vocabulary is the words used when speaking, reading vocabulary is the words needed to understand what is read, writing vocabulary is the words used in writing, and sight vocabulary is those words that can be identified without explicit decoding during reading. 6 It means that vocabulary has portions based on the purpose of skill needed such as listening focus to heard, speaking to tell or speech, reading is needed to understand the reading material, and writing is used in written. Meanwhile, Aebersold and Field as cited by Zaenuri classify the kinds of vocabulary into active and passive: 7 a. Active vocabulary; it is also called as productive vocabulary, which the learner can use appropriately in speaking and writing. To use the productive vocabulary, the students must know how to pronounce it well, they must know and be able to use grammar of the target language, they also must be familiar with collocation and understand the connotation meaning of the words, because in fact it is more difficult to practice b. Passive vocabulary; it is also called as receptive vocabulary, which that can be recognized and understood in reading or listening. The statements above almost same with the previous statement, that active vocabulary as same as productive vocabulary, it is focused appropriately in speaking and writing. Then, passive vocabulary as same as receptive vocabulary, which is recognized in reading and listening. To sum up the statements about kinds of vocabulary that it has relate with English skill such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing, and then there are 6 International Reading Association IRA as cited by FlaRe Paper, Evidence-based Reading Instruction: Putting the National Reading Panel Report Into Practice, Newark, DE: International Reading Association, 2002, p. 112 7 Jo Ann Aebersold and Marry Lee Field as cited by A.M. Zaenuri, Vocabulary I, Jakarta: UIN Jakarta Press, 2003, p.1