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8. Strengths and Weaknesses
It is not surprising that portfolio assessment is one of the effective assessments in experimental education. There are some strengths using
portfolio as an assessment, it includes:
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1. Portfolio creates self assessment in order to know the improvement of stu
dents’ ability level based on the feedback. 2. Help the teacher assesses the students fairly, objectively, and clearly.
3. Develop students participating in learning activities. 4. Give an opportunity to students for improving their achievement.
In line with that, portfolio assessment increases students involvement in the learning process by teaching student how to plans, monitors, and
evaluate their learning. In the other side, using portfolio also has weaknesses, such as:
1. Portfolio needs extra time and works 2. Portfolio assessment tends to unreliable comparing with other
assessment techniques. 3. Portfolio is included in new assessment technique, so most students do
not know how to use it. 4. Teachers tend only to pay attention in the end goals, not in the process.
f. The Past Continuous Tense
1. The Tense
It is important to keep the two concept of time and tense strictly apart. Time is universally conceived as something having one dimension only, thus
capable of being represented in one straight line and it is divided into two parts, the past and the future. George O. Curme draws the division of time as
follow:
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48
Drs. Zaenal Arifin, M.Pd, Evaluasi Pembelajaran: Prinsip, Teknik dan Prosedur, ....., p. 205.
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George O. Curme, College Outline Series English Grammar, New York: BarnesNoble, Inc, 1966, p. 231
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Figure. 2.2. The Line of Time
X
Aa Ab
Ac B Ca
Cb Cc
Before Past
After Present Before
Future After past
past future
future
From the figure above, it can be seen that tense is the part of dimension of time itself. Furthermore, O. Curme also states that tenses are the different
forms which a verb assumes to indicate the time of the action or state mention that tenses are the different forms which a verb assumes to indicate the time of
the action or state in which there are six tenses which are present, past, present perfect, past perfect, future and future perfect.
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In addition Sidney and Randolph define tense as a grammatical category that is realized by verb inflection. Since English has no future
inflected form of the verb, the threefold semantic opposition is reduced to two tenses: the present tense and the past tense which typically refer to present and
past time respectively.
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The statement is in line with the verb function in indicating the tense. In the Oxford dictionary, tense means a verb form that
shows the time of the action or state which are the past, the present, and the future.
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Additionally, Geoffrey stated that verb forms make a distinction between tensed and tense-less form. A tensed verb is a verb showing tense
past or present.
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From the description above the writer concludes that tense is a verb to indicate the time at which the action or state of being as present, past and
50
George O. Curme, College Outline Series English Grammar, ..., p.60.
51
Sidney Greenbaum, Randolph Quirk, A Student’s Grammar of the English Language,
London: Pearson Education Ltd., 2003 p. 47.
52
Oxford University, Oxford Dictionary: Third Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 455.
53
Geoffrey Leech, Margaret Deuchar, Robert Hoogenraad, English Grammar for Today: A New Introduction, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006, p. 89.
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future. Present is the situation that has been described as simultaneous with the moment of speaking Susan cook rice. Second is the past, which describes the
situation has been done in the past Susan cooked rice yesterday. Then, the third is the future, which describes the situation that will happen or related
subsequent to the moment of speaking Susan will cook rice tomorrow.
2. What is Past Continuous Tense?
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