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The Method of Research

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the method of the research, subject and object of the study, time and place, the writer’s role on the study, research design, the classroom action research procedures, technique of collecting data, technique of data analysis, the validity of the data and criteria of the action success.

A. The Method of Research

The method used in this study is Classroom Action Research CAR. This study emphasizes on action process which is derived from the root an action research. According to David Nunan in his book “Understanding Language Classrooms: A Guide for English Teacher” defined action research as a form of self-reflective inquiry undertaken by participants in a social including educational situation in order to improve the rationality and justice of a. Their on social or educational practices, b. Their understanding of these practices, and c. The situations in which practices are carried out. 1 Because the action research is taken in classroom it is called classroom action research. Michael J. Wallace mentioned that CAR is a type of classroom research carried out by the teacher in order to solve problems or to find answer toward 1 David Nunan, Understanding Language Classrooms: A Guide for Teacher-Initiated Action, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, Inc, 1989, p.12. 35 content-specific issues. 2 There has been increasing interests in the use of classroom action research, both as a way of increasing knowledge of classroom and as a tool in the teacher education. In the book “Research in education” by James H. McMillan and Sally Schumacher further defined the important feature of action research as following: Action research is not limited to a specific methodology although in the most cases, there is at least some use of qualitative methods, and typically quantitative data are used descriptively with little or no emphasis on inferential statistics. The goal is to introduce a more systematic process than what is typically employed, be it qualitative, quantitative, or mixed method. One important difference is that the intent of action research is only to address specific action in single context, while applied research seeks to have implications for the field more generally. However, that does not mean that action research does not have implications for the overall field. Because practitioners are involved throughout the study, action research promotes change in classrooms and schools, greater collaboration among those with a vested interest in the results, an integration of research with practice, and willingness to test new ideas. 3 Furthermore David Nunan stated that action research is carried to improve and to change what goes in the classroom. The main concern is to come up with solutions to a given problem in specific situations. 4 Based on the explanation before it is clear that action research should be done by finding the problems occur in the classroom and the research must come up with the solution to solve those problems. It would be necessary for learning innovation that bringing about change and improve the quality of school in education. In line with that, Rochman Natawidjaya mentioned one of the objectives of CAR is to overcome problems or difficulties in education and teaching that is faced by teachers and education personnel, particularly with regard to problems of learning and teaching material development. 5 2 Michael J. Wallace, Action Research for Language Teachers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 5. 3 James H. McMillan and Sally Schumaher, Research in Education: Evidence-Based Inquiry, Boston: Pearson Education, Inc, 2006, sixth edition, p. 414. 4 David Nunan, Understanding Language Classrooms: A Guide for Teacher-Initiated Action, ....., p. 13 5 Sarwiji Suwandi, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, PTK dan Penulisan Karya Ilmiah, Surakarta: Yuma Pustaka, 2010, p. 15. 36 Based on the explanation above it can be concluded that action research tends to be directly linked in achieving results in the classroom setting. Action research is also completed in teams using a collaborative model and with entire school. 6

B. The Subject and the Object of the Study

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