Distribution Function Meaning DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS

Venny Veronita : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes And Suffixes Between English And Minangkabaunese Language, 2009. USU Repository © 2009  Prefix ma- is does not have change if it is attached to the base form beginning with consonant l, n, m, r, a and w Examples: ma- + lambuak ‘crumble’ malambuak ‘to crumble’ ma- + nikah ‘marry’ manikah ‘to marry’ ma- + makan ‘eat’ mamakan ‘to eat’ ma- + rabuik ‘wrest’ marabuik ‘to wrest’ ma- + agiah ‘give’ maagiah ‘to give’ ma- + wangi ‘fragrant’ mawangi ‘to fragrant’

b. Distribution

Prefix ma- may be attached to the base form as follows:  Noun Examples: ma- + rokok N ‘smoke’ marokok ‘to smoke’ ma- + kunci N ‘key’ mangunci ‘to lock’  Verb Examples: ma- + tulih V ‘write’ manulih ‘to write’ ma- + tangih V ‘cry’ manangih ‘to cry’  Adjective Examples: ma- + wangi Adj ‘fragrant’ mawangi ‘to fragrant’ ma- + leba Adj ‘wide’ maleba ‘become wide’

c. Function

The function of prefix ma- can be described as follows:  To form Verb from Noun Examples: ma- + kopi N ‘coffee’ mangopi V ‘to drink coffee’ Venny Veronita : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes And Suffixes Between English And Minangkabaunese Language, 2009. USU Repository © 2009 ma- + cupak N ‘measurement mancupak V ‘to do measure s.t.’  To form Verb from Adjective Examples: ma- + leba Adj ‘wide’ maleba V ‘become wide’ ma- + putiah Adj ‘white’ mamutiah V ‘become white’  Prefix ma – does not change the word class when it is attached to verb Examples: ma- + lambuak V ‘crumble’ malambuak V ‘to crumbl e’ ma- + kabek V ‘tie’ mangabek V ‘to tie’

d. Meaning

The meaning of prefix ma- can be described as follows:  To indicate the meaning ‘do action’ as the mention in base form Examples: ma- + tulih ‘write’ manulih ‘to write’ ma- + tangih ‘cry’ manangih ‘to cry’  To indicate the meaning of ‘become’ or turn into as mention in the base form Examples: ma- + putiah ‘white’ mamutiah ‘become white’ ma- + leba ‘wide’ maleba ‘become wide’

4.2.1.4 Prefix pa-

Prefix pa- has some allomorphs. It may be changed into: pam-, pan-, pany, pang-, pa-, and par-  Prefix pa- is changed into pam if it is attached to the base form beginning with consonant b, p, and f, the base form begins with phoneme p assimilated when it is attached with prefix pa- Examples: pa- + bunoh ‘kill’ pambunoh ‘killer’ pa- + pinta ‘spinning’ paminta ‘spinning wheel’ Venny Veronita : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes And Suffixes Between English And Minangkabaunese Language, 2009. USU Repository © 2009 pa- + fitnah ‘slender’ pamfitnah ‘slenderer’  Prefix pa- is changed into pan- if it is attached to the base form beginning with t, d, c, j, and the base form begins with phoneme t assimilated when it is attached with prefix pa-. Examples: pa- + tulih ‘write’ panulih ‘writer’ pa- + danga ‘listen’ pandanga ‘listener’ pa- + cilok ‘steal’ pancilok ‘thief’ pa- + jua ‘sell’ panjual ‘seller’  Prefix pa- is changed into pany- if it is attached to the base form beginning with consonant s and phoneme s assimilated when it is attached with prefix pa- Examples: pa- + sasah ‘wash’ panyasah ‘tool that use for wash s.t.’ pa- + sapu ‘sweep’ panyapu ‘sweeper’  Prefix pa- is changed into pang- if it is attached to the base form beginning with vowel i, u, a, e and also with consonant g, h , k Examples: pa- + indiak ‘pound’ pangindiak ‘pounder’ pa- + ubek ‘medicine’ pangubek ‘healer’ pa- + aluih ‘refine’ pangaluih ‘refiner’ pa- + edang ‘serve’ pangedang ‘server’ pa- + kukua ‘grate’ pangkukua ‘grater’ pa- + gijau ‘afraid’ pangginjau ‘coward’ pa- + hieh ‘decorate’ panghieh ‘decorator’  Prefix pa- does not change if it is attached to the base form beginning with consonant l, n, m, o and w Venny Veronita : A Contrastive Analysis Of Prefixes And Suffixes Between English And Minangkabaunese Language, 2009. USU Repository © 2009 Examples: pa- + lupo’forget’ palupo ‘forgetful person’ pa- + nasihat ‘advise’ panasihat ‘adviser’ pa- + maniah ‘sweet’ pamaniah ‘sweetener’ pa- + ota ‘brag’ paota ‘braggart’ pa- + ratok ‘weep’ paratok ‘weepy person’ pa- + wawancara ‘interview’ pawawancara ‘interviewer’

b. Distribution