11
Texture is shown by relations of meaning which exist within a text. The study on
relation of meaning which exist within a text is then called Cohesion.
15
Example: If we find the following instructions in the cooking book;
Wash and core six cooking apples. Put them into a fireproof dish.
It is clear that „them‟ in the second sentence refers back to the „six cooking
apples‟ of if first sentence. This anaphoric function of them gives cohesion to the two sentences, so that we interpret them as a whole; the two sentences together
constitute a text. So it is the texture which makes these two sentences a text.
16
3. Cohesion
The term of cohesion is familiar in the study of language. Cohesion is part of the system of language. It is introduced by Halliday and Hasan in 1976, through
their book Cohesion in English. The simplest definition proposed by Halliday and Hasan is that “it refers to relation of meaning that exist within the text, and the
define it as a text‖.
17
Cohesion occurs where the interpretation of some element in the discourse is dependent on that of another. The one presupposes the other, in the sense that it
cannot be effectively decoded except by recourse to it. When this happens, a relation of cohesion is set up, and the two elements, the presupposing and the
presupposed, are thereby at least potentially integrated into a text. Cohesion is correlation between clauses within a text or discourse grammatically or lexically.
15
Ibid p. 4
16
Mizan Mahbub, Op,Cit
17
Halliday and Hasan, Op,Cit
12
Cohesion is the internal aspect of a text and all the internal aspect such as grammatical aspect and lexical one that develop the unity of the text.
18
Halliday and Hasan, moreover, put forward that the function of cohesion is to relate one part of a text to another part of the same text. In other words, cohesion
functions as a tie to link one sentence to another. The actualization of cohesion in any given instance, Halliday and Hasan examine, does not depend merely on the
selection of the word apples we cannot see that it has cohesive power by itself, a cohesive relation is set up only if the same word or a word related to it such as
fruit has arise previously. Halliday and Hasan point out that the cohesion lies in the relation that is set up between the sentences.
19
For example:
International pop stars usually lead a very busy life. They need to give
concerts, attend photo shootings, or have other important obligations. Very
often they have to travel around the globe, jumping from one time zone to another without getting much sleep. There is no secret that many of them have a tendency
to take drugs to be able to deal with the pressure. One of the most famous victims
of drug abuse during recent years was Michael Jackson who died in 2009 only
two months before his 51st birthday.
20
Example abov e shows such a cohesive chain in which “international pop
stars” in the first sentence is connected to all the other sentences via “they” in the second and third sentence and “many of them” in the fourth sentence. One has to
18
Kushartanti et al, Pesona Bahasa Jakarta: PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005, p.96
19
Nurul Laili Mariani Fadjrin, An Analisis of Grammatical and Lexical Cohesion on The Journalistic Text of VoANEWS.com UIN Jakarta: FAH, 2011, p.12
20
Glottopedia Discovering Linguistics, Cohesion http:www.glottopedia.orgindex.phpCohesion
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